7C,F) As noted in the whole livers, the mRNA expression levels o

7C,F). As noted in the whole livers, the mRNA expression levels of collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, and α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were significantly increased in HSCs from the MCD and HF diet-fed groups compared with the corresponding control diet-fed groups. These increases were significantly enhanced by the increased intake of cholesterol (Fig. 1A,D). The mRNA expression levels of PPARγ1 in HSCs were significantly lower in the MCD and HF diet-fed groups than in the corresponding control diet-fed groups. In addition,

these decreases were significantly enhanced by the increased intake of cholesterol (Fig. 1A,D). Contrarily, the mRNA expression levels of SREBP2 were significantly higher in HSCs BMN 673 mouse from the MCD and HF diet-fed groups than in those from the corresponding control diet-fed groups, and these increases were significantly enhanced by the increased intake of cholesterol (Fig. 1A,D).

The total and nuclear protein levels of PPARγ were lower in HSCs from the MCD and HF diet-fed groups than in those from the corresponding control diet-fed groups and these decreases were significantly enhanced by the increased intake of cholesterol (Fig. 1B,E). Meanwhile, the levels of the nuclear form of SREBP2 were significantly higher in HSCs from the MCD and HF diet-fed groups than in those from the corresponding control diet-fed groups. Furthermore, these increases were significantly enhanced by the increased intake of cholesterol (Fig. 1B,E). Similar to SREBP2 expression, the expression levels of LDLR and miR-33a in HSCs were significantly higher PD0325901 mw in the MCD and HF diet-fed groups than in the corresponding control diet-fed groups. These increases were significantly enhanced by the increased intake of cholesterol (Fig. 1C,F). The total and nuclear forms of PPARγ were abundant in day 1 (quiescent) HSCs but declined in day 3 and 5 (activating) and day 7 (activated) HSCs (Fig. 2A). Meanwhile,

the nuclear form of SREBP2 was scarce in day 1 HSCs, and its expression increased see more at days 3 and 5, and day 7 HSCs (Fig. 2A). Correspondingly, the PPARγ1 and SREBP2 mRNA expression levels were similar to the protein expression levels (Fig. 2A). Furthermore, the expression levels of LDLR and miR-33a in HSCs increased along with their activation (Fig. 2B). PPARγ-siRNA treatment significantly increased the expression levels of SREBP2, LDLR, and miR-33a in quiescent HSCs (Fig. 2C). Similarly, treatment with the PPARγ antagonist significantly increased the expression levels of SREBP2, LDLR, and miR-33a in quiescent HSCs in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 2D). On the other hand, overexpression (O/E) of PPARγ1 significantly decreased the levels of SREBP2, LDLR, and miR-33a expression in activated HSCs (Fig. 2E). SREBP2-siRNA treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of LDLR (Fig. 2F).

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