All

study patients were managed according to the usual standard of care in each collaborating center. Only observational data were collected and anonymously sent to the main investigator. Only the treating physician knew the identity of his patients. This study had no interventional purpose and travel physicians were reminded, when closing the KABISA TRAVEL software, that they had the final responsibility for their patients and that the software was only an aid for diagnosis http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldk378.html and not a decider itself. The study was designed, conducted, and analyzed independently of any sponsoring. The protocol got the ethical clearance from the review boards of the ITMA and of the University Hospital of Antwerp. Data were entered in an Access database (Microsoft Office 2003). Analysis was performed with Stata version 10 (StataCorp, USA). The chi-square test was used to

compare categorical variables. Comparison of proportions was performed with the Pearson chi-square test and the MacNemar’s test. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare median. All tests were two-tailed, and p values <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Of 246 registered cases, 205 patients with confirmed diagnosis were included in the study. Cases were excluded because final diagnosis was not confirmed (n = 36), inclusion criteria were not respected (two patients returned from nontropical countries), MK0683 molecular weight or clinicians’ diagnoses were missing or doubtful (n = 3). The study Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase population was composed of 190 adults (123 men and 67 women) and 15 children (9 boys and 6 girls); 69% of them had been admitted (Table 1). The mean age was 35 years (range 0.5–73 y). Of the 205 included patients, 98 (48%) were western travelers, 44 (21%) were travelers native of tropical countries who had visited friends and relatives in their country of

origin, 39 (19%) were migrants arriving from the tropics, and 24 (12%) were western expatriates. Sub-Saharan Africa was the most frequent place of stay (58%), followed by Southeast Asia (24%), Latin America (11%), and North Africa or the Middle East (6%). One patient stayed in more than one region. The reference (or “correct”) diagnoses are detailed per collaborating center in Table 1. Most febrile episodes were because of tropical diseases (65%), mainly malaria (40%) and dengue (12%). Among the cosmopolitan infections (33%), bacterial enteritis (7%), infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome (6%), and respiratory tract infections (5%) were the most common etiologies. Four (2%) patients had a noninfectious cause of fever. Of note, 93% (55/59) of the patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria were hospitalized. Three deaths occurred in total: one patient with Marburg hemorrhagic fever, one with severe malaria, and one with lymphoma.