“A total of 35 actinomycetes was isolated from soil sample


“A total of 35 actinomycetes was isolated from soil samples collected after fire operations at agricultural sites under shifting cultivation in northeast India. More than one-half of these isolates were observed in viable but nonculturable

(VBNC) state. Five isolates were always seen embedded with slimy bacteria during subculture; 11 morphologically distinct and cultivable isolates were subjected to characterization and identification. The isolates developed circular to irregular colonies of between 3 and 6 mm on tryptone yeast extract agar plates at 28 A degrees C following 7 days of incubation. The isolates could survive at temperatures between 4 and 50 A degrees C (optimum 28 A degrees C), and pH 5-11 (optimum 8). The isolates varied in cell morphology, utilization of carbon sources, sensitivity to antibiotics, and see more salt tolerance. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, the isolates revealed maximum similarity to the genus Streptomyces (9), and to Kitasatospora and Nocardia (1 each). Several isolates were found to be positive for production of lytic (chitinase and glucanase) and industrially important (amylase, lipase, and protease) enzymes. The occurrence of actinomycetes in VBNC state and embedded with bacteria was attributed

to coping mechanisms associated with these organisms under stress (high temperature) conditions. The cultivable cultures extend the opportunity for further investigations on ecological resilience during fire operations.”
“Doses www.selleckchem.com/products/beta-nicotinamide-mononucleotide.html Nutlin-3a in vivo and schedules of the combination of S-1 and cisplatin for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) have not been standardized. We therefore evaluated the efficacy and

feasibility of a 3-week schedule of S-1 and cisplatin in patients with AGC, as well as assessing factors prognostic of patient outcomes.

A total of 159 patients with AGC were treated with S-1 (40 mg/m(2) bid on days 1-14) and cisplatin (60 mg/m(2) IV on day 1) between January 2004 and December 2008.

Median follow-up duration was 20.0 months (range, 11.4-48.5 months), during which time 129 patients (81.1%) died. Patients received a median 6 cycles of chemotherapy (range, 1-19 cycles). Among the 59 patients with measurable disease, 1 achieved a complete response (1.7%) and 24 (40.7%) had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 42.4% (95% CI, 23.0-61.8%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months (95% CI, 4.8-6.9 months), and the median overall survival (OS) was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.6-13.0 months). Multivariate analysis showed that initial metastasis, bone metastasis, and liver metastasis were independent prognostic factors for reduced PFS, whereas poor performance status, initial metastasis, and bone metastasis were prognostic for reduced OS. Application of a previous prognostic model showed that observed PFS and OS survival curves for patients in various risk groups differed significantly (P < 0.001 each).

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