0 mg of lyophilized cell pellet were resuspended in 600 ul extraction buffer 1 pro panesulfonate 40 mM dithiothreitol]. Protease inhibitor cocktail and glass beads were added to the cell suspension. Cells were disrupted by vor texing six times 60 s. The cell extract was transferred to a fresh tube and centrifuged at 20,000 �� g for 10 min at 4 C. The supernatant was transferred AV-951 completely to a fresh microcentrifuge tube and recovered as Fraction 1. The insoluble fractions were suspended in 400 ul SDS buffer by thorough vortexing and pipetting up and down with a 200 ul pipette tip for 10 times. The sample was boiled for 10 min and subsequently cooled on ice. After centrifugation for 10 min, the supernatant was then transferred to a fresh microcentrifuge tube and mixed with Fraction 1.

Subsequently, 75 ul of a DNase and RNase solution were added and the combined fractions were incubated on ice. The mixed protein extract was then purified by using a 2 D Clean Up Kit, and the purified protein sample was dissolved in rehydration solu tion supplemented with 2% 3 10 NL IPG buffer and 5. 4 mg ml dithio threitol. Total protein concentration was determined using the 2 D Quant Kit. Aliquots of extracellular protein samples were stored at ?80 C before proteomic assays. Western blot analysis of Yap1 protein The crude protein extracts were separated by SDS PAGE after adding 5�� Laemmli sample buffer and boil ing. The separated proteins were transferred onto a PVDF membrane by semi dry blotting and probed with a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against amino acid residues 351 650 at the C terminus of S.

cerevisiae Yap1p. Goat anti rabbit IgG HRP was used as secondary antibody. Bound antibodies were detected by the ECL Prime western blotting detection reagent using a CCD based imager. 2 D gel electrophoresis For the first dimension, an amount of 200 ug of protein prepared as described in section Protein Extraction and Purification was loaded on a 13 cm Immobiline Dry Strip pH 3 10 NL, and the IPG strips were rehydrated overnight at room temperature. Isoelectric focusing was performed with a Multiphor II system at 20 C with a 3 phase gradient program, 500 V for 0. 25 kVh, 3500 V for 5. 25 kVh, and 3500 V for 45 kVh. Prior to the second dimension, the IPG strips were incubated for 15 min in equilibration buffer contain ing 1% dithiothreitol, followed by 15 min incu bation in equilibration buffer containing 2.

5% iodoacetamide. Second dimension electrophoresis was performed on PROTEINTM II electrophoresis system. The IPG strips were placed on top of 12. 5% polyacrylamide gels and sealed with a solution of 1% agarose containing a trace of bromophenol blue. The vertical gels were run at 10 mA per gel for 30 min followed by 25 mA per gel until the bromophenol blue had migrated to the bot tom of the gel. The temperature was maintained at 15 C using MultiTemp III system. Proteins were visualized using SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain. The SYPRO Ruby stained gels were scann