2.2 Psychotropic Concomitant Medication (PCM) Use selleck patients receiving both a product label-indicated ADHD medication (with or without behavioral therapy) and any psychotropic medication (with no

product label claim for ADHD) during current ADHD treatment—i.e., the treatment the patient was receiving at the time of chart review—were classified as PCM users. Patients receiving product label-indicated ADHD medication (with or without behavioral therapy) and no PCM during current ADHD treatment were classified as ADHD medication-only patients. ADHD medication-only patients could have used a combination of ADHD medications that were approved by the European Medicines Agency that also had a product label claim for the treatment of ADHD as long CUDC-907 as there was no other PRN1371 psychotropic medication used. The psychotropic medications included medications that may have been used but that did not contain a product label claim for ADHD: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, typical antipsychotics,

atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepine/anxiolytics, α-2 agonists clonidine and guanfacine, and antiepileptic drugs (without epilepsy diagnosis). 2.3 Statistical Analysis of PCM Use Pooled analyses across countries were performed to increase sample size. Analyses were also conducted within country, and use was described by specific type of medication class. The significance of the relationships between baseline patient characteristics and PCM use was tested using the Fisher’s exact test or t tests for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided, and P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics for continuous variables and frequency and percentage Pregnenolone for categorical variables. 2.4 Patient Characteristics Associated with

PCM Use To identify patient characteristics associated with PCM use, analyses focused on comparisons of patients who received PCM with their current ADHD treatment with those who did not. A multiple logistic regression model for current PCM use was fitted to assess the simultaneous effect of baseline patient and treatment characteristics from the list of covariates that tested significant in individual bivariate tests for the outcome. This was done to limit multi-collinearity and over-fitting of the model given that the number of observations (e.g., sample size) may not have been sufficiently large to allow for each individual variable to be entered into the model. Selection of covariates was performed using the stepwise variable selection procedure with stay and remove at significance levels of P < 0.05. The selection results were verified using the backwards elimination method.