90,93 While this suggests that there is no clear evidence that BPD is the most common Tipifarnib molecular weight personality disorder in patients with bipolar disorder, it is noteworthy that BPD was the most frequent personality disorder diagnosis in the only two studies of bipolar II disorder.68,82 Is borderline personality disorder more common in patients with bipolar disorder than psychiatric control groups? Eight studies http://www.selleckchem.com/products/INCB18424.html compared the frequency of BPD in patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.33,71,81-83,86,89,92 Four studies

found no difference between the two Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical groups,81,86,89,92 whereas three of the four studies of bipolar II disorder found a higher rate of BPD in the bipolar patients.33,71,82,83 Another study found no difference in the rate of BPD in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.63 One study compared the frequency of Axis I disorders in a heterogeneous sample of psychiatric outpatients, and sufficient data was provided to calculate Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the rate of BPD in patients with different diagnoses.79 BPD was significantly more frequent in patients with bipolar

disorder than in patients with major depressive disorder, as well as more common than in patients with any psychiatric disorder. Another Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical study of psychiatric outpatients with mixed diagnoses found a lower rate of BPD in patients with bipolar disorder.80 Thus, four of ten studies found a significantly higher rate of BPD in patients with bipolar disorder compared with a psychiatric control group, and three of these four positive studies were comparisons of bipolar II disorder versus major depressive disorder. Frequency Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of bipolar disorder in patients with

borderline personality Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical disorder Twelve studies reported the frequency of bipolar disorder in patients with BPD (Tables III and IV). Three studies of psychiatric outpatients of mixed diagnoses and one study of patients with a major depressive episode contributed data to both this analysis as well as the previous analysis examining the frequency of BPD in patients with bipolar disorder.79-81,83 Most studies were of psychiatric outpatients, and only two were of samples of inpatients.94,95 In 10 of the 12 studies it was clear that the patients were symptomatic at the time of the evaluation, and in the remaining two Brefeldin_A studies symptom status was unstated.70,96 The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (or DSM-III or DSM-III-R) was the most commonly used measure to evaluate Axis I disorders, whereas there was more heterogeneity in the measures used to diagnose BPD. Half of the studies examined the frequency of both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Two studies reported both current and lifetime rates of bipolar disorder, and we included the data on lifetime rates.