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“A 70-year-old man had a chest X-ray for recurrent chest infections. The lung fields were normal, but there was a large right-sided diaphragmatic hernia containing loops of bowel. A CT scan (Figure 1a and b) showed an anterior defect (foramen of Morgagni) in the right hemi-diaphragm, with the transverse colon herniating through. There were no signs of obstruction or strangulation. He underwent an elective laparoscopic repair of the hernia. At laparoscopy the transverse colon was seen herniating through the foramen of Morgagni (Figure 2a).

The hernia was reduced and the defect defined (Figure 2b). The defect was patched with a 15 × 15 cm nonabsorbable polypropylene mesh encapsulated by a polydioxanone polymer (Proceed™, Ethicon Inc. Somerville, NJ, USA), which was fixed with a ProTack™ fixation device (Covidien Surgical, Norwalk, CT, USA) (Figure 2c). The patient was discharged on the same day and was asymptomatic when reviewed 12 weeks later. The foramen of Morgagni, also known as the sternocostal hiatus, lies between the sternal and costal attachments of the diaphragm and contains the superior

epigastric arteries I-BET-762 and lymphatics. Hernias through this foramen were first described in 1769 by Giovanni Battista Morgagni as anatomical defects in both hemidiaphragms anteriorly. Morgagni hernias are rare congenital diaphragmatic hernias that are most commonly seen in neonates, but often go undiagnosed in adults as they are mostly asymptomatic. The majority of theses hernias occur on the right, but left-sided hernias have been reported. They may also be associated with trauma, surgery and increased intra-abdominal pressure and have been known to contain omentum, stomach, transverse colon and even liver. In most adult cases these hernias are noted incidentally on chest X-ray. However, they can present with retrosternal chest pain, respiratory symptoms or gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia. Rarely, patients my present with gastric volvulus, bowel obstruction or even strangulation. CT with oral contrast MCE公司 is the investigation of choice as it allows

clear visualisation of the defect, its contents as well as providing information on complications. In patients who present with complications of this hernia, an open approach may be favoured, however, a laparascopic approach is often possible. In the majority of uncomplicated cases, the treatment of choice is elective laparoscopic repair to prevent future complications. Contributed by “
“We read with interest the article by Suzuki et al.1 We were surprised that only 1 (4%) of the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) cases whose diagnoses were made by experienced hepatologists in Mayo Clinic showed “typical” histology, and that complete agreement on histological diagnosis among four experienced hepatopathologists was less than 50%, if biopsy slides were evaluated blinded to the clinical information.