Once colonies developed around the tissue, mycelia possessing the same morphological characteristics were selected and cultivated on new PDA. Through iterative application of the last procedure, a pure culture of the pathogen was successfully cultivated. Salivary microbiome Isolated, the colonies displayed a white, round edge, their backs a delicate light-yellow hue. Conidia, showcasing straight or slightly curved shapes, contained a count of 3 to 4 septations. Sequencing and amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α) gene, and beta-tubulin (β-TUB) gene was conducted for both strains. GenBank entries were made (accession numbers: ACCC 35162 ITS OP891011, TEF1α OP903533, β-TUB OP903531; ACCC 35163 ITS OP891012, β-TUB OP903534, TEF1α OP903532). ITF2357 BLAST analysis of the ITS sequence of strain ACCC 35162 revealed 100% identity with NR 1475491; the TEF sequence showed 100% identity with MT5524491, and the TUB sequence displayed a similarity of 9987% with KX8953231. Likewise, strain ACCC 35163's ITS sequence exhibited 100% identity with NR 1475491, its TEF sequence matched perfectly with MT5524491, and its TUB sequence exhibited 9986% identity with KX8953231. The XSEDE platform processed three sequences using maximum likelihood and rapid bootstrapping to generate a phylogenetic tree indicating the identical nature of the two strains, aligning them with P. kenyana (Miller et al., 2010). Preservation of the strain, cataloged under ACCC 35162 and ACCC 35163, took place in the Agricultural Culture Collection of China. According to Koch's postulates, six healthy plant leaves were inoculated with conidial suspensions (10⁶ conidia per milliliter) and 5-millimeter mycelial plugs, then placed in a controlled environment chamber (25°C, 90% humidity, 16 hours of light). Sterile potato dextrose agar (PDA) and sterile water served as negative controls. The identical treatment, applied to fresh bayberry leaves under laboratory conditions, resulted in the appearance of brown spots after three days of observation. The absence of symptoms characterized the control group. The experimental symptoms displayed a characteristic similarity to the symptoms seen in the field. Having implemented the prior method, the same fungal species was re-isolated from the diseased leaves and once more identified as P. kenyana. Based on our available information, this is the first reported case of P. kenyana infecting bayberry and causing disease in China. This condition significantly reduces the yield and quality of bayberry, impacting farmers' financial well-being.

At precisely June 20th, 2022, a count of thirty industrial hemp plants (Cannabis sativa L.) of the cultivar variety could be verified. Peach Haze plants were propagated by vegetative means, cultivated in a greenhouse for a period of 21 days, and then moved to a field at The Hemp Mine in Fair Play, South Carolina. In the vicinity of the harvest season (November), Within the floral structures of 30% of the plants, substantial mycelial growth was evident on the 17th, 2022. The Clemson University Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic accepted three plants demonstrating disease. The three plants' stems were all affected by stem cankers. Sclerotia, a consistent feature of the Sclerotinia genus, are widespread. These items were located within the stalks of two plants. A transfer of a hyphal tip from a sclerotium on an acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) plate, to a new, separate APDA plate, facilitated the development of two pure isolates for every plant. Within a seven-day growth period at 25°C under a continuous light cycle, the 22-1002-A and B isolates produced white and sparse mycelia accompanied by dark brownish to black sclerotia, indicative of S. sclerotiorum (average). For each 90 mm plate, the count reaches 365. Fifty sclerotia (n=50) exhibited a variety of shapes: 46% were spherical, 46% oval, and 8% irregular. Their sizes ranged from 16 to 45 mm in one dimension, and 18 to 72 mm in the other, averaging [omitted value] in total. Thirty-six millimeters in length, twelve millimeters in width, and a depth of twenty-seven millimeters constitute the measurements, along with a height of six millimeters. There was a complete lack of spore production. Within the 58S ribosomal RNA gene's sequence, internal transcribed spacer regions are included (GenBank accession number indicated). Within the industrial hemp samples (MW079844 and MW082601), the genes OQ749889 and OQ790148 (G3PDH) from isolate 22-1002-A demonstrated 99.8% and 100% identity, respectively, to the corresponding genes in the S. sclerotiorum isolate LAS01, as reported by Garfinkel (2021). As detailed in the Derbyshire et al. (2017) study, the G3PDH sequence of 22-1002-A is a precise 100% match to that of ATCC 18683 (JQ036048), an authenticated S. sclerotiorum strain employed for whole-genome sequencing. Ten 'Peach Haze' plants, each one robust and healthy (roughly), were examined. A pathogenicity test utilized plants 10 to 15 centimeters tall, which grew in six separate containers. Each main stem's epidermis was incised using a sterile dissecting blade, resulting in a wound of 2 mm x 2 mm, 1 mm deep. To each of five plants' wounds, a 5 mm x 5 mm mycelial plug of 22-1002-A was applied, contrasting with the five control plants which received APDA plugs. Parafilm was used as a means of securing mycelial and sterile agar plugs in place. In a regulated indoor setting, all plant specimens were kept at a constant temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, with a relative humidity level above 60%, and a continuous light cycle throughout the day. Five days after inoculation, visible stem cankers appeared on every inoculated plant. Four of the inoculated plants, out of a total of five, manifested noticeable yellowing and wilting of the foliage nine days post-inoculation, unlike the symptomless control plants. Tan-colored, elongated cankers with lengths ranging from 443 mm to 862 mm (average…) 631 183 mm items materialized at the injured locations of the inoculated plants. Despite injury, the green areas of the control plants remained largely the same shade and showed only a small expansion in length (on average). The object's dimensions include a measurement of 36.08 mm. Each inoculated plant's canker margin and each control plant's wounded site yielded tissue samples, which were excised, subjected to a one-minute surface sterilization in 10% bleach, rinsed in sterile water, cultured on APDA, and incubated at 25°C. Within six days of inoculation, sclerotia-producing colonies, a definitive feature of S. sclerotiorum, were detected in all inoculated plants, but not in any of the control plants. A host range exceeding 400 plant species is characteristic of *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*, according to Boland and Hall (1994). Stem canker, a fungal disease affecting industrial hemp, was first reported in MT (Shaw, 1973), OR (Garfinkel, 2021), the USA, and Canada (Bains et al., 2000). This is a newly observed occurrence of this condition within the state of South Carolina. South Carolina is experiencing a rise in the cultivation of industrial hemp. South Carolina growers benefit from detecting this disease's presence to proactively take measures for monitoring and controlling outbreaks, and eventually building an effective management plan when the disease takes hold.

In July 2020, a hop (Humulus lupulus L.) grower from Berrien County, Michigan, submitted samples of 'Chinook' leaves for examination to the diagnostic services at Michigan State University. Scattered across the leaves were small, tan-colored lesions, each featuring a chlorotic halo with a diameter approximating 5mm. Within the lower two meters of the mature hop canopy, the grower found foliar lesions. Rough estimates for disease incidence were 20%, with estimated severity rates ranging between 5% and 10%. Incubation under conditions of 100% relative humidity fostered the development of acervuli, displaying orange spore masses and a few setae. Employing water agar, a pure culture was isolated from the sporulating lesions. On potato dextrose agar (PDA), the hyphal tips of isolate CL001 were placed, and subsequently preserved at -80°C in a glycerol-salt solution, per the procedure described by Miles et al. (2011). The Petri dish's upper surface, where the colony resided on the PDA, displayed gray growth, in stark contrast to the red coloring present on the dish's lower section. At the 14-day mark, the culture's surface revealed acervuli lacking setae, releasing orange conidial masses. Characterized by hyaline, aseptate, and smooth-walled features with rounded ends, the conidia demonstrated average dimensions of 1589 m (1381-1691 m) in length and 726 m (682-841 m) in width (n=20). Descriptions of C. acutatum sensu lato (Damm et al., 2012) were consistent with the observed color and dimensions of the conidia. A 100% pairwise identity was observed between the four loci (ITS/515 bp – OQ026167, GAPDH/238 bp – OQ230832, CHS1/228 bp – OQ230830, and TUB2/491 bp – OQ230831) amplified from isolate CL001, using the primers ITS1/ITS4, GDF1/GDR1, CSH-79f/CHS-354R, and T1/Bt-2b, and C. fioriniae 125396 (JQ948299, JQ948629, JQ948960, JQ949950), as detailed by Damm et al. in 2012. By trimming, concatenating, and aligning the GAPDH, CSH1, and TUB2 sequences from isolate CL001, the analysis included 31 distinct Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato and C. gloesporioides 356878 sequences. The method followed the procedures described by Damm et al. (2012) and Kennedy et al. (2022). Employing the HKY + G model (G = 0.34) as detailed by Guindon et al. (2010), a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was derived from the alignment using Geneious Prime (Biomatters Ltd.) with the PHYML add-on. CL001's isolate, displaying the closest similarity to C. fioriniae, had a bootstrap value that was pegged at 100. Two-month-old 'Chinook' hop plants were subjected to pathogenicity tests. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing Using a spray bottle, twelve plants received either 50 ml of a conidial suspension (795 x 10^6 conidia/ml) from isolate CL001 or 50 ml of water, each group consisting of six specimens, until runoff was achieved. In a greenhouse maintained at 21 degrees Celsius, inoculated plants, enclosed within clear plastic sheeting, were cultivated under a 14-hour photoperiod.