Pediatrics 2012;130:585-586″
“Primary objective: To extend previous research on alternative stimulus preference assessment (SPA) modalities to individuals with severe ABI by evaluating the effects of pictorial, verbal and tangible item presentation.\n\nResearch design: Paired-stimulus procedure used for SPA sessions with the order of modalities counterbalanced across participants.

Reinforcer assessments (RAs) were experimentally evaluated using an alternating treatments design. A progressive-ratio procedure was used for reinforcer assessment (RA) sessions.\n\nMethods and procedures: Six adults with severe ABI. The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities was conducted to assess discrimination skills; the Reinforcer Assessment for Individuals buy Citarinostat with Severe Disabilities structured interview was administered Prexasertib supplier to identify items for subsequent evaluations. Three SPA sessions-one of each stimulus modality-were conducted with each participant. Subsequent RAs were conducted using the stimuli ranked as the most highly preferred for each participant.\n\nMain outcomes and results: Each modality identified a different food item with the highest selection percentage

for three participants, while three participants had highly consistent SPA results. Subsequent RAs demonstrated that all modalities made valid predictions of foods that would function as reinforcers for programming.\n\nConclusions: Use of the different direct-observation methods to identify reinforcers for reductive and skill acquisition programming would likely be a useful addition to rehabilitation settings.”
“Limited information is available on the time-dependent or dosage-dependent cariostatic efficacy of highly concentrated fluoride compounds. This good clinical practice-conforming, double-blind, placebo-controlled,

crossover in situ study tested the hypothesis that a 1.0% amine fluoride fluid is superior to a 0.5% amine fluoride fluid regarding fluoride retention and mineral change in initial caries enamel lesions over a period of 28 d. Fluoride retention was significantly higher after application of the two fluoride fluids compared with placebo but had decreased in both groups to similar levels after only 1 wk. Mineral gain was significantly higher for both verum groups compared with placebo. The use Lonafarnib of 1% fluoride fluid resulted in significantly higher remineralization compared with the use of 0.5% fluoride fluid. For both fluoride fluids mineral gain followed a linear relationship with time during the experimental period, indicating a possible further uptake of mineral, even after 4 wk.”
“Butanolic extract of seeds from 2 different Lathyrus species (Lathyrus ratan [commercial variety] and L. aphaca [wild variety]), were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity against plant and human pathogenic bacteria was evaluated on the basis of inhibition zones (IZs) measured by disc diffusion method.