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“PURPOSE. To determine whether diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) affect the performance of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Vorinostat in vivo II (HRT II; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) algorithms for glaucoma detection.\n\nMETHODS. This population-based

survey was conducted among Malays in Singapore who were a 40 to 80 years of age. Diabetes was defined as self-report of a physician’s diagnosis, use of diabetic medication, or a random blood glucose level >= 11.1 mmol/L. Retinal photographs were graded for DR according to the modified Airlie House classification system. The diagnosis of glaucoma was based on International Society for Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology criteria. The sensitivity and the false-positive rates were calculated for the Moorfields regression analysis [MRA]; the linear discriminant functions (LDFs) by Mikelberg (Mikelberg-LDF), Burk (Burk-LDF), and Bathija (Bathija-LDF); and the support vector machine (SVM).\n\nRESULTS. A total of 1987 persons without diabetes (including 86 with glaucoma) and 524 with diabetes (including 26 with glaucoma) were analyzed. The presence of diabetes had no influence on both the sensitivities and false-positive rates for all

HRT algorithms. In the multivariate analyses adjusting for optic disc size, the presence of DR was significantly associated with the higher false-positive rates Bcl 2 inhibitor for Burk-LDF and Bathija-LDF (P < 0.05), but not with the false-positive Selleck Vactosertib rates for MRA, Mikelberg-LDF, and SVM.\n\nCONCLUSIONS. Diabetes does not affect

the performance of HRT II for diagnosis of glaucoma, but the presence of DR may be a source of false-positive test results. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:5519-5524) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-5060″
“Introduction: Little is known about how neonatal airway epithelial cell phenotype impacts on respiratory disease in later life. This study aimed to establish a methodology to culture and characterise neonatal nasal epithelial cells sampled from healthy, non-sedated infants within 48 hours of delivery.\n\nMethods: Nasal epithelial cells were sampled by brushing both nostrils with an interdental brush, grown to confluence and sub-cultured. Cultured cells were characterised morphologically by light and electron microscopy and by immunocytochemistry. As an exemplar pro-inflammatory chemokine, IL-8 concentrations were measured in supernatants from unstimulated monolayers and after exposure to IL-1 beta/TNF-alpha a or house dust mite extract.\n\nResults: Primary cultures were successfully established in 135 (91%) of 149 neonatal samples seeded, with 79% (n = 117) successfully cultured to passage 3. The epithelial lineage of the cells was confirmed by morphological analysis and immunostaining.