Results. VAS score, JOA score, and ODI were not significantly different among the three groups before and after surgery (P > 0.05). Average amount of local bone graft used for one segment

significantly decreased in proportion to the number of fusion levels (P < 0.05). The rate of bone union was 88% in the one-level group, 85% in the two-level group, and 62.5% in the three-level group, which was significantly lower than that in the one- and two-level groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion. If one- and two-level Selleck LY2603618 posterolateral fusion were performed, the local bone graft technique provides a good and uniform bone union rate; however, for three-level fusion poor results were obtained because of an insufficient amount of local bone.”
“Crosslinked acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymers and copolymers were prepared by free Citarinostat mouse radical solution polymerization using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker. The chemical structures of hydrogels were characterized by FTIR analysis and the results were consistent with the expected structures. These hydrogels were used for the separation of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) ions from their aqueous solutions. The influence

of the uptake conditions such as pH, time and initial feed concentration on the metal ion binding capacity of hydro-gel was also tested. The selectivity of the hydrogel towards the different metal ions tested was Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Fe(III). It was observed that the specific interaction between metal ions and ionic comonomers in the hydrogel affected the metal binding capacity of the hydrogel. The recovery of metal ions was also investigated in acid media. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals,

Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 2500-2510, 2012″
“Many pharmacological agents were investigated for the prevention of renal ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury as well as the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. The aim of the study was to examine the possible renoprotective effect of enoximone as a member of this family on IR injury. Thirty-six Wistar-Albino rats were allocated to six groups. Sham (S) and control groups (E1, E2) only received 0.09% NaCl, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg enoximone via caudal caval vein, respectively. In ischemia SYN-117 inhibitor (I) and treatment groups (IE1, IE2), the rats were subjected to bilateral renal artery occlusion and were given 0.09% NaCl, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg enoximone in the same route, respectively. Bilateral kidneys were removed at the sixth hour of laparotomy for histopathological and biochemical analysis, such as superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, malonyldialdehyde, and nitric oxide end products. Blood samples were taken in order to evaluate renal function tests. The data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, and p < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. The worst results were achieved in ischemia group (p < .