Reported were past three-month alcohol, cannabis, and opioid use, and accompanying intentions for further use.
Regular cannabis and heavy alcohol use among network members, excluding other drug use, was linked to a higher frequency of cannabis use and stronger intentions to continue using cannabis. Heavy alcohol use, regular cannabis use, or other drug use, alongside a disengagement from traditional practices, were more commonly reported in participants who also showed increased cannabis use and a stronger desire to use cannabis and consume alcohol. Participants exhibiting a stronger network connection to traditional practices, and who did not report significant alcohol use, regular cannabis use, or other drug use, demonstrated a lower probability of intending to use cannabis or drink alcohol.
Various studies across racial and ethnic groups have shown that having network members who use substances is a strong indicator of increased risk of substance use. The findings indicate that a crucial component of preventive strategies for this population could lie in traditional practices. In accordance with the copyright 2023, all rights to the PsycINFO database record are reserved by the APA.
Findings from this study align with a substantial body of research, consistently showing a correlation between substance use in social networks and increased substance use risk, especially across racial and ethnic groups. Findings emphasize the possibility that traditional practices might contribute importantly to the preventive strategies designed for this population. All rights to the PsycINFO database record of 2023 are reserved by the APA.

Both qualitative and quantitative studies reveal a correlation between pauses in the therapeutic setting and treatment success or failure, influencing factors beyond symptom alleviation, encompassing processes such as insight, symbolization, and disengagement. Research on therapeutic interactions highlights therapists' engagement with client silences, seeking to understand the underlying processes and intentionally supporting productive silent engagement. This research chapter synthesizes the findings and explores the characteristics of silence, equipping psychotherapists with the tools to distinguish the functions of productive and obstructive pauses. Thirty-three quantitative and qualitative investigations of silences in individual psychotherapy, involving 309 clients and 209 therapists, are critically examined. Our meta-analysis of qualitative and integrative evidence showed that psychotherapists' strategically responding to the specific functions of silences improved their clients' ability to intervene responsively and enhanced therapy outcomes. The research evidence allows us to understand the limitations of the study, the training ramifications, and the impact on therapeutic methodologies. The APA's 2023 PsycInfo Database Record maintains its copyright and reserved rights.

In psychodynamic treatment, interpretations stand out as a defining characteristic and a technique also adopted by other theoretical perspectives. Interpretations are employed by therapists to help patients gain insight into unconscious and preconscious aspects of their experiences, thereby mitigating mental pain and enhancing mental well-being. genetic constructs Employing a systematic review methodology, this paper explores the association between therapists' interpretive practices and the resulting outcomes experienced during the session, between sessions, and at the completion of therapy. PF-6463922 This synthesis of the research literature originates from 18 independent groups of 1,011 patients each, who were undergoing individual psychotherapy sessions. The data suggest a relationship, in half the examined studies, between the accuracy and application of interpretations and the patient's emotional disclosure and greater insight during the therapy session's continuous, dynamic evolution. Interpretations, at the post-session intermediate stage, were linked to a more robust alliance and deeper engagement in roughly half the investigations. Interpretations, while demonstrably beneficial in some instances, yield neither benefit nor harm in others, and in specific cases, may even prove detrimental at the end of treatment. The article's concluding section delves into training implications and therapeutic practices, informed by the fusion of clinical experience and research evidence. Exclusive rights to the PsycINFO database record of 2023 are held by the APA.

Nine percent of individuals, as reported globally, have experienced suicidal ideation at some point in their life. The persistence of suicidal thoughts, a phenomenon currently lacking a clear explanation, remains a significant concern. Individuals experiencing suicidal thoughts may find that these thoughts serve an adaptive function. We investigated if suicidal ideation could function as a method of emotional regulation. A real-time monitoring study of adults who recently had suicidal thoughts (N = 105) revealed a tendency for participants to utilize suicidal thinking as a method for managing their affect. The experience of suicidal thoughts was succeeded by a lessening of negative feelings. Nevertheless, in evaluating the directional link between suicidal ideation and negative emotional states, we also observed positive reciprocal connections between them. In conclusion, the use of suicidal thought patterns for emotional regulation correlated with the rate and intensity of subsequent suicidal ideation. These findings might offer an explanation for the staying power of suicidal contemplation. Copyright 2023, American Psychological Association; all rights associated with this PsycINFO database record are reserved.

Our study investigated the correlation between baseline cognitive and neural impairments (ages 9-10) and initial or fluctuating levels of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), as well as whether these impairments predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study's longitudinal data formed the basis for this study, which investigated participants' development from ages 9 to 13 across three distinct time points. Correlational analyses using univariate latent growth models examined the link between baseline cognitive and neural measures and symptom presentation in both a discovery (n = 5926) and a replication (n = 5952) data set. We analyzed mean starting points (intercepts) and subsequent trends (slopes) for symptom measures (including PLEs, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors). Predictor variables included performance on neuropsychological tests, global structural magnetic resonance imaging data, and various a priori defined metrics of within-network resting-state functional connectivity. The results indicated that baseline cognitive and brain metric impairments exhibited the most pronounced long-term associations with PLEs. Within-network connectivity metrics of the cingulo-opercular network, alongside lower cognitive function, reduced brain volume, and reduced surface area, showed a link to increased levels of problem behaviors and more substantial initial presentations of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. PLEs exhibited a unique association with specific metrics, notably a negative correlation between cortical thickness and initial PLE values, and a negative correlation between default mode network connectivity and the rate of change in PLEs. A clear correlation existed between neural and cognitive impairments in middle childhood and a rise in problem-level events (PLEs) over time, showcasing stronger associations with PLEs in comparison to other forms of psychopathology. The current study also highlighted indicators potentially exclusively correlated with PLEs, including cortical thickness. General psychopathology risk may be indicated by impairments in broad cognitive metrics, brain volume and surface area decrease, and disruption in the network underpinning information integration. In 2023, the American Psychological Association holds the exclusive rights to this PsycINFO database record.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases exhibiting a dissociative subtype, with associated depersonalization and derealization symptoms, make up roughly 10% to 30% of the total PTSD diagnoses. The study investigated the psychometric features of the dissociative PTSD subtype in a group of young, primarily male post-9/11 veterans (initial n = 374, follow-up n = 163), correlating it with resting-state functional connectivity (Default Mode Network [DMN], n = 275), brain structure (hippocampal subfield volume and cortical thickness, n = 280), neurocognitive abilities (n = 337), and genetic diversity (n = 193). Multivariate analyses of PTSD and dissociation item data indicated a class-based structure's superiority compared to dimensional and hybrid models. The dissociative class encompassed 75% of the sample, demonstrating stability over a timeframe of 15 years. Statistical modeling, adjusting for age, sex, and PTSD severity, revealed a significant correlation between derealization/depersonalization intensity and a reduction in default mode network connectivity specifically involving the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex and the right isthmus (p = .015). The results demonstrated an adjusted p-value [padj] of 0.097. There was an increase in the bilateral hippocampal volume, encompassing the hippocampal head and molecular layer head (p = .010-.034; adjusted p = .032-.053), which correlated with a poorer self-monitoring score (p = .018). The adjustment factor, padj, was calculated at 0.079. The adenylyl cyclase 8 gene harbours a candidate genetic variant (rs263232) demonstrating a statistically significant correlation (p = .026). Previously, dissociation was linked to this phenomenon. Symbiotic drink Implicated in sensory integration, neural representations of spatial awareness, and stress-influenced spatial learning and memory, the converging results highlight possible mechanisms underlying the dissociative subtype of PTSD, focusing on biological structures and systems. The PsycINFO Database Record, a 2023 creation, holds copyright with all rights reserved by APA.