Several studies have shown a synergistic effect of CPP-ACP and fluoride in reducing caries [72] and [73]. Almost all clinical trials have investigated the effectiveness of CPP-ACP-containing products in caries prevention and enhancing remineralization of initial caries lesions in the permanent dentition of young adolescents [74], [75] and [76].

Specially formulated oral care products containing stannous salts (e.g., chloride, fluoride) have shown to effectively protect enamel and dentin from erosive and abrasive selleck chemical wear in vitro [77], [78] and [79] and in situ [77], [80] and [81]. It has been suggested that the stannous ion can act either by precipitation on dental surfaces forming a relatively Bcl-2 inhibitor acid-resistant mineral layer or by incorporation into the eroded surface in a complex demineralization and remineralization process [79]. While these data are encouraging, it must be borne in mind that erosion is highly influenced by biological factors, especially those imposed by the acquired dental pellicle [82]. Good oral health

is an important aspect of quality of life, even for the elderly [83]. Teeth are important for chewing, speech and appearance [84]. In recent years, people’s overall health has improved, as is reflected in an increase in the average life expectancy in developed countries. Today, the elderly remain dentate to a greater extent than just a few decades ago and have more teeth, often

with extensive repairs, crown and bridge work and implants. This places high demands on satisfactory oral care for the elderly to remain in good oral health. Oral health is also affected by a number of general health factors. Dementia and various mental and physical disabilities, for example, can result in difficulties in maintaining good oral health. Medications can induce hyposalivation, which in turn, increases the risk of tooth decay and other dental diseases [85] and [86]. Without support for regular oral hygiene habits there is a risk that dependent residents will develop oral diseases. Care involves not only caring for the sick but also taking preventive measures to preserve good Dichloromethane dehalogenase overall health. For individuals with disabilities, the dental health is generally worse than that of normal people of the same age because their medical, physical, social, or psychological disabilities limit their access to oral health care, including diagnostic, preventive, interceptive and treatment services [87] and [88]. Anders and Davis [89] concluded that patients with intellectual disabilities have poorer oral hygiene than the general population [90], [91], [92], [93], [94] and [95]. The above listed disadvantages lead to poorer oral health, more untreated decayed teeth and severe periodontal status [96], [97], [98] and [99].