The definition used does not cover those who are ��unable�� to qu

The definition used does not cover those who are ��unable�� to quit due to nicotine dependence or other individual or social factors that could reflect a smoker��s incapability toward smoking cessation. The aim of Ivacaftor 873054-44-5 the study was to investigate relative changes in the proportion of HCS in the population of smokers in the time period 1996�C2009 in Norway. The relative size of HCS over time was used as an indication of a possible hardening of the remaining population of smokers. Methods Samples and Procedures We used data from annual cross-sectional surveys of tobacco behavior, comprising a representative sample of the adult Norwegian population (16+ years).

Data were collected by Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Directorate of Health, and samples were drawn from Statistics Norway��s own population database, which is updated every month with the National Population Register, a register that covers almost 100% of the Norwegian population. The samples were adjusted for gender and age in accordance with the population numbers for each survey year. Smoking behavior was one of the several topics in the surveys, and correspondence between the gross and the net samples for the variables related to smoking is not known. The data were collected from a combination of face-to-face and telephone interviews from 1996 to 2000. From 2001, all data have been collected by telephone interviews. The original annual sample was N = 2,000 minus a small sample each year which was not eligible due to death or emigration (varied between 13 and 32 respondents). The response rate varied from 56.

5% in 2000 to 73% in 2002 (Table 1). The wordings of the questions for the variables used in this study were identical for every survey year. The study sample was restricted to daily smokers 25�C74 years. Respondents below the age of 25 were excluded because they may still be in a smoking initiation phase, a condition taken into consideration in other studies of HCS (Augustson & Marcus, 2004; Emery et al., 2000). Table 1. Sample Size 25�C74 Years, Response Rate, Numbers and Prevalence of Daily Hardcore Smokers (HCS), Daily Non-Hardcore Smokers, and Occasional Smokers by Survey Year Measures We measured smoking status in two steps. The first question was: ��Do you sometimes smoke?�� Those who answered yes were then asked: ��Do you smoke daily or occasionally?�� All daily smokers were split into two separate groups. The HCS group was defined by using three different questions about smoking intention and previous attempts to quit. The first question Carfilzomib was: ��Are you considering to quit during the next six months?�� The second question covered smokers�� beliefs about future smoking: ��Try to predict your smoking status in five years from now.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

*

You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <strike> <strong>