The same occurs for marine video-imaging, where a calibration is required for the evaluation of animal colouring, according to lighting conditions that vary markedly according to depth [11,12].Colorimetric calibration Crenolanib molecular weight prior to photo/image interpretation is gaining increasing attention worldwide in several and diversified disciplines such as biology, since the color is both a phenetic feature of organisms and a feature of the environmental space occupied by organisms [13�C15]; food science, where the color is a fundamental property to evaluate quality, freshness and conformity of food products [16�C19]; medicine, where, for example, the measurement of color is useful to assess a degree of some pathologies [20]; environmental monitoring, since the Geographic Information System and remote sensing use color, hence requiring its prior calibration for photointerpretation procedures.
Also in web applications such as the merceological catalogues, where it can be used as an efficient feature for goods comparisons [21] color calibration results crucial. Of course, robotic video inspection for qualitative and pattern recognition also requires the gathering of precise color information [22].Many factors influence the chromatic outcome and this could represent either a character to be studied or a source of variability to be adjusted. The color of a natural (animal/food) object can change according to: (i) lifetime [23], shelf-life [24], harvesting conditions [25], or in the case of organisms, according to gender-, age-, or other intra-specific differences [26]; (ii) the photoreceptor or processing system, since different individuals (or devices) can be sensitive to different wavelengths, as in the case of the color blindness; (iii) the processing system (i.
e., the interpreter of stimuli coming from the visual receptors), which can exert a distortion reporting a different color from the physically reflected one, as in the case of the well known phenomenon of the ��color constancy�� in humans, (i.e., the tendency to perceive the same color of an object under different illuminations) [27]; (iv) the lighting condition source. In particular, this latter factor should be deeply considered prior to any colorimetric measurement, since when not properly evaluated it could produce important biases [28]. A possible way to reduce or avoid illumination biases is then represented by taking pictures under standardized light conditions.
Nevertheless, this is a difficult Brefeldin_A condition to satisfy, not only in the field but even in the laboratory.Several free- or licensed-softwares for digital photography are available and allow selleck screening library a color calibration up to a degree useful for color flow management within a photographic context, using a color profile assignable to the image that deals with different devices (e.g., ProfileMaker, Monaco Profiler, EZcolor, i1Extreme and many others).