The thermal conductivity of both nanofluids was measured as a function of volume fraction and temperature. The results illustrate that the enhanced thermal conductivity of the nanofluids increases with volume fraction but is temperature independent. The experimental results show that both types of nanoparticles in this base fluid present no significant aggregation. These experimental values were also compared with theoretical models. Moreover, the density of these nanofluids was measured as a function of volume fraction, temperature, and pressure. The volumetric behavior of nanofluids containing hematite
is closer to the ideal behavior than those using magnetite. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3603012]“
“In injection molding simulation the phase change from melt to solid state is usually simplified by using a so called transition Selleckchem HKI 272 temperature. In the present work, the transition temperatures of several amorphous and semicrystalline polymers were determined using DSC-runs at different cooling rates. The transition temperature was described as a function of cooling rate. The obtained transition temperatures of the semicrystalline polymers were used in injection molding simulations with the commercial software package Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2010 to calculate the shrinkage and warpage of box-shaped test parts. The simulation results were compared with the experimental values of optically measured
injection-molded boxes. The results showed a strong influence of the transition temperatures check details on the simulation results of a 3D model and a very low influence for a 2.5D model. Transition temperatures obtained at higher cooling rates improved the 3D simulation results for several dimensions. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 1162-1168, 2012″
“This study examined factors associated with the gender disparity in wait-list mortality in the MELD era. Adult patients listed for liver transplantation from 2002 to 2008 were included. Females [12 585(36%)] and males [22 126(64%)] differed clinically by age (54 vs. 52 years), height (1.6 vs. 1.8 m), listing estimated glomerular
filtration rate [(eGFR); 70 vs. 83 mL/min] and cirrhosis Selleck VX-689 etiology. Holding MELD constant, females were at 19% (95% CI, 1.13-1.25, p < 0.001) higher risk of wait-list mortality than males under the current allocation system. The relative hazard increased with worsening renal function, whether measured by serum creatinine or eGFR. Adjustment for MELD, age, African-American race, cirrhosis etiology, region and ABO group attenuated this relative hazard (HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.22; p < 0.001) but additional adjustment for height completely explained this gender disparity in wait-list mortality (HR 1.05; 95% CI, 0.98-1.12; p = 0.2). Transplantation rates, however, remained lower among females, even after adjustment for height (HR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.92; p < 0.001).