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“The tuber of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang (Liliaceae), also known as Liriopis tuber, is famous in Oriental medicine owing to its tonic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic properties. In the present study, the effects of Liriopis tuber water extract (LP) on proinflammatory mediators secreted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cultured RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were investigated. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and intracellular calcium release were measured after 24 h incubation. Various cytokines and nuclear transcription factors (NF-kappa

B and CREB) of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 were measured by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. LP (up to 200 mu g/mL) significantly decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, interferon-inducible this website EPZ5676 in vivo protein-10, keratinocyte-derived

chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, platelet derived growth factor, PGE2, intracellular calcium, NF-kappa B and CREB in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). The results suggest that LP has immunomodulatory activity to reduce excessive immune reactions during the activation of macrophages by LPS. Further studies are needed to verify the precise mechanism regulating immunomodulatory activities of LP.”
“Objective: This study’s objective was to determine the effect of therapeutic massage on peripheral blood flow utilizing dynamic infrared thermography in a constant temperature/humidity thermal chamber to assess noncontact skin temperature.\n\nDesign: The design was a repeated-measures crossover experimental design; the independent variable was treatment condition (massage, light touch, control).\n\nSetting: The study setting was a university research laboratory.\n\nSubjects: Seventeen (17) healthy volunteers Crenolanib supplier (8 males/9 females; age

= 23.29 +/- 3.06) took part in the study.\n\nInterventions: One (1) 20-minute neck and shoulder therapeutic massage treatment was performed for each of the three treatment conditions.\n\nOutcome measures: The dependent variable was noncontact, mean skin temperature in 15 regions measured at 6 time points (pretest and 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 minutes post-test) for each treatment condition.\n\nResults: The massage treatment produced significant elevations in temperature in five regions: anterior upper chest (p – 0.04), posterior neck (p – 0.0006), upper back (p – 0.0005), posterior right arm (p – 0.03), and middle back (p – 0.02). Massage therapy produced significant increases in temperature over time, compared to the other conditions, in the anterior upper chest, and posterior neck, upper back, right arm, and the middle back. Additionally, the temperatures remained above baseline levels after 60 minutes.