We show that, as is the case with its pathology and epidemiology, PiCV also displays selleck patterns of recombination, genonnic secondary structure and natural selection that are generally very
similar to those of BFDV. It is likely that breeding facilities play a significant role in the emergence of new recombinant PiCV variants and given that similar to 50% of the domestic pigeon population is infected subclinically, all pigeon breeding stocks should be screened routinely for this virus.”
“There is an urgent need to develop a better method of contraception which is non-steroidal and reversible to control world population explosion and unintended pregnancies. Contraceptive vaccines (CV), especially targeting sperm-specific proteins, can VX-770 inhibitor provide an ideal contraceptive modality. Sperm-specific proteins can induce an immune response in women as well as men, thus can be used for CV development in both sexes. In this article, we will review two sperm-specific proteins, namely Izumo protein and YLP12 dodecamer peptide. Gene-knockout studies indicate that Izumo protein is essential for sperm-egg membrane fusion. Vaccination with Izumo protein or its cDNA causes a significant reduction in fertility of female mice. The antibodies to human Izumo inhibit human sperm penetration assay. Recently, our laboratory found that a significant percentage of
infertile women have antibodies to Izumo protein. The second sperm-specific protein is YLP12, a peptide mimetic sequence present on human sperm involved in recognition and binding to the human oocyte zona pellucida. Vaccination with YLP12 or its cDNA causes long-term, reversible contraception, without side effects, in female mice. Infertile, but not fertile, men and women have antibodies to YLP12
peptide. Our laboratory has isolated, cloned, and sequenced cDNA encoding human single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody from infertile men which reacts with YLP12 peptide. The human YLP12 scFv antibody may provide a novel passive immunocontraceptive, the first of its kind. In conclusion, sperm-specific Izumo protein and YLP12 peptide can provide exciting candidates for antisperm CV development.”
“The aim of the present article was to assess the reliability LY2606368 concentration of strength curves as determined from tridimensional linear accelerations and angular velocities measured by a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) fixed on the upper arm during a shoulder abduction movement performed holding a 1 kg dumbbell in the hand. Within-subject repeatability of the task was assessed on 45 subjects performing four trials consisting of one maximal shoulder abduction-adduction movement. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was computed on the average movement angular velocity (VEL) and range of movement (ROM) across the four trials. Within-subject repeatability of torque curves was assessed in terms of waveform similarities by computing the coefficient of multiple determination (CMD).