With the implementation of a new curriculum the authors wanted to evaluate how to assess students more effectively. While the results show low-average discrimination which allows room for improvement, caution has been warranted by others regarding the sole use of discrimination to assess content.[10] Data suggest that questions with discrimination indices of less than 0.15 should be restructured or removed from future examinations since these Talazoparib concentration items do not measure the same skills as the examination as a whole because these items may be puzzling or misleading to students.[10] Additionally, any distracters that are not chosen should be replaced with more

difficult alternatives and items in which the majority of students answer correctly should also be replaced or modified.[10] All these changes would make an examination more reliable, as the assessment items would be more homogenous in nature.

Future goals are to revisit individual items that demonstrate a high difficulty and discrimination click here level and use them as a standard or guide for writing new items. Additionally, any item displaying both a low discrimination and a low difficulty level will be removed. Faculty will make efforts to prospectively familiarize students with all item formats at the beginning of the therapeutics course sequence. The overall goal is to have a balanced homogenous examination which demonstrates moderate-to-high difficulty and moderately discriminating assessment items. This is the second study evaluating examination items using item response theory in TP courses in a pharmacy curriculum. However, it is the first to deconstruct items into the elements of format and content. Overall, our results demonstrate

that Case-based items were of greater Erlotinib manufacturer difficulty compared to all other items and that they provided greater discrimination than Standard-type items. Dosing items appear to provide greater difficulty and discrimination compared to therapeutics items. However, efforts to find the most appropriate way to assess dosing knowledge in our students are ongoing. We also noted that difficulty and discrimination are closely correlated, and that in our student population item format is at least as equally important as content matter. Future studies and collaborative efforts among different pharmacy schools are needed to determine how to assess knowledge effectively. The Author(s) declare(s) that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. All Authors attest to the integrity of the work. All Authors contributed significantly to the design, and contributed actively to the study and dissemination of results. All Authors state that they had complete access to the study data that support the publication.