Be that as it may, from a clinical perspective, a combination of

Be that as it may, from a clinical perspective, a combination of all the three parameters of JNK-IN-8 ic50 plaque volume, time of plaque progression, and instability indices of plaques is critical. Atherosclerosis velocity may show a wide range in future

studies. When a small unstable plaque can rapidly rupture and result in total coronary occlusion and when a large plaque can persist Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for a longer time (or at least when it does not lead to complete occlusion), we can easily see the importance of atherosclerosis velocity. Clinically, atherosclerosis velocity vis-à-vis an asymptomatic/sub-acute arterial plaque is a highly unpredictable process. Asymptomatic/sub-acute vulnerable plaques in coronary arteries account for a significant level of acute cardiovascular events.23 Their main risk is associated with their acute rupture, which may result in fatal MI or stroke.23 Recently, the role of microcalcifications embedded in the vulnerable fibrous cap in the development of acute ruptures has been highlighted.24,25 Liang et

al.26 performed an interesting study using intravascular Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical ultrasound (IVUS) in patients and proved that the occurrence of a microcalcification Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the atherosclerotic plaque fibrous cap considerably increased the risk of the rupture of a vulnerable plaque. IVUS also seems to be capable of quantifying atherosclerotic plaques as well as positive and negative vascular remodeling.27 Intraplaque hemorrhage also has been considered a factor which accelerates sub-clinical atherosclerosis.28-30 Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis Velocity Regarding atherosclerosis velocity, we believe that we should be extremely precise when indicating the impact of risk factors Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical on all the elements

of atherosclerosis velocity. To our knowledge, there is currently a lack of evidence in terms of the effects of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking) on atherosclerosis velocity. The effects of these traditional risk factors have been proved in atherosclerosis development Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and progression.31-33 Regardless of the effects of these traditional risk factors on the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, a growing body of evidence demonstrates their impact on rupture-induced occlusion. Mauriello et al.34 analyzed a large number of endarterectomy specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients to explore the association between cardiovascular many risk factors and carotid plaque morphology. The authors succeeded in proving a strong association between hypertension and vulnerable and thrombotic carotid plaques.34 Diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species is one of the factors that can promote both vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation/migration in atherosclerotic lesions and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, which results in atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

*

You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <strike> <strong>