domain-specific dichotomy may be incorrect.”
“Background: Statins enhance the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) from their precursors both in vitro and in vivo. In particular, an increased conversion of linoleic acid (LA) and of alpha-linolenic acid to their derivatives is observed in cultured cells. On the contrary, cigarette smoke (CS) negatively and selleck chemical dose-dependently affects the LC-PUFA production.
Aim:
To evaluate the effects of CS alone or with simvastatin, on [1-C-14] LA metabolism in THP-1 cells. Results: CS inhibits LA conversion; after co-incubation, simvastatin nullifies the effects of CS, maintaining LA conversion comparable to controls. However, at the highest CS concentration, simvastatin is unable to counteract the effects of CS. Changes of LA conversion reflect the modulation of desaturase activities by simvastatin and CS.
Conclusion: CS decreases PUFA conversion and its effects are modulated
by the opposite effect of statins. It can be speculated that statin treatments in smoking patients may provide some beneficial effects on PUFA metabolism in addition to lowering cholesterol levels. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Two IgM monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Y6F5 and Y13F9, were selected during a screening of clones obtained immunising BALB/c mice with purified envelop proteins of the A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) IVR108 influenza strain. These MAbs recognised avian glycans on the haemagglutinin (HA) ICG-001 cell line of the virus. This broad recognition allowed these MAbs to be used as enzyme-labelled secondary antibody reagents in a strain specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in combination with Selleck AZD8055 a capture MAb that recognised and allowed the quantitation of the strain specific HA protein present in an egg-produced influenza vaccine. Advantage was taken of these MAbs to develop a universal ELISA in which the MAbs were used both
as capture antibody and as enzyme-labelled secondary antibody to detect and quantify the HA protein of any egg-derived influenza vaccine. These avian-glycan specific IgM MAbs may prove to be particularly useful for determining the HA concentration in monovalent egg-derived pandemic influenza vaccines, in which the HA concentration may be lower than 5 mu g/ml. The HA detection limit in the ELISA assays developed in this study was 1.9 mu g/ml, as opposed to the 5 mu/ml quantitation limit generally accepted for the standard single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRID) assay, the approved technique for quantifying HA content in influenza vaccines. These ELISAs can also be used to quantify influenza HA formulated with emulsion-based or mineral salt adjuvants that could interfere with HA measurement by the SRID assay. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Food intake is mediated, in part, through brain pathways for motivation and reinforcement.