This review samples in vivo studies in adult mammals from 2006 to mid-2008. It also provides some considerations for navigating toward translation to human disorders. Among them are the formidable problems of scaling up production of new neurons within the two “”niches”" of the brain and delivering sufficient numbers to distant degenerating regions for cell replacement. However, an expedition can only succeed if started.”
“Purpose: Recent anatomical studies have shown

that branches of the cavernous nerves running adjacent to the prostate at the apex travel more anteriorly than previously recognized. Outcomes of robot assisted radical prostatectomy suggest improved postoperative sexual outcomes following high anterior release of the levator fascia. We prospectively evaluated the effect

of high anterior release on oncological and sexual function outcomes following open radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Materials see more and Methods: A total of 167 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer with a preoperative Sexual Health Inventory for Men score of greater than 21 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy with bilateral nerve sparing and selective high anterior release, as performed by a single surgeon. Data on postoperative sexual function were collected by an independent third party. Sexual function outcomes at 12 months were defined as 1) a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score second of 16 or greater and/or a satisfaction score of 4 or greater and 4SC-202 cell line 2) a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score of 22 or greater.

Results: Because unilateral high anterior release was equivalent to bilateral high anterior release for both definitions (p>0.3), they were combined into 1 group for analyses. Patients undergoing high anterior

release were more likely to achieve a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score of 16 or greater and/or a satisfaction score of 4 (93% vs 77%, p = 0.007), and a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score of 22 or greater (70% vs 54%, p = 0.07) at 1 year. Return to baseline (a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score of 22 or greater) was even higher among patients receiving high anterior release who were more sexually active (greater than 1 attempt per week) preoperatively (78% vs 52%, p<0.05). The improved outcomes in potency achieved with high anterior release did not increase the likelihood of a positive surgical margin.

Conclusions: Unilateral or bilateral high anterior release of the levator fascia in open radical retropubic prostatectomy provides excellent oncological results and is associated with improved postoperative sexual function.”
“Parkinson disease (PD) probably represents a syndrome of different disorders and origins converging into a relatively uniform neurodegenerative process.