The extent of wound closure was examined by phase contrast microscopy with the LuciaG software (Laboratory Imaging s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic) at time points 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h. RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR Total RNA from cell culture was isolated by the Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden,

Germany) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Synthesis of cDNA was performed using QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) with an extended incubation time of 30 min at 42°C. QRT-PCR was performed using an ABI 7500 Fast PCR instrument (Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) with QuantiTect SYBR Green RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacture’s protocol. To determine the expression levels of HDAC1 (#QT00015239), HDAC2 (#QT00001890), HDAC3 (#QT00093730) and HDAC8 (#QT00049630) #17-AAG mw randurls[1|1|,|CHEM1|]# we used QuantiTect Primer assays (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) at an annealing temperature of Epoxomicin supplier 55°C. The expression of the housekeeping gene TATA-box binding protein (TBP) was determined with self-designed primers (forward: 5’-ACAACAGCCTGCCACCTTA-3’; reverse: 5’-GAATAGGCTGTGGGTCAGT-3’). Technical duplicates had less than 10% standard deviation. Western blot analysis Western blot analysis of whole-cell extracts were done as described previously [39]. Total protein was

extracted by cell lysis in a RIPA-buffer containing 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 0.5% desoxycholate, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM Tris (pH 7,6) and a protease inhibitor cocktail (10 μl/ml, #P-8340, Sigma-Aldrich) for 30 minutes on ice. Protein concentrations were determined by BCA protein assay (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). After separation in SDS-page gels and transfer to PVDF membranes (Merck Millipore, Berlin, Germany) the membranes

either were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris, pH 7.4 and 0.1% Tween-20), washed and then incubated with primary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h or at 4°C over night. Primary antibodies were used against HDAC1 (1:1,000, C-19, sc-6298; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany), HDAC2 (1:5,000, H-54, sc-7899; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany), HDAC3 (1:1,000, H-99, sc-11417; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany), HDAC8 (1:400, A-4008; Epigentek, Brooklyn, NY), p21 (1:400, C-19, sc-397; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany), thymidylate synthase (1:1,000, TS, TS106, Millipore, Temecula, CA), PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, 1:500, 46D11; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA) and acetylated α-tubulin (1:15,000, #T-7451, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo). Anti-α-Tubulin B-512 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was used as loading control in a concentration of 1:50,000.