We aim to compare the autonomic function of children with ADHD and controls by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV).
Methods: Children rested in supine position with spontaneous breathing for 20 minutes. Heart rate was recorded beat by beat. HRV analysis was performed in the time
and frequency domains and Poincare plot.
Results: Twenty-eight children with ADHD (22 boys, aged 9.964 years) and 28 controls (15 boys, age 9.857 years) participated in this study. It was determined that the mean and standard deviation of indexes which indicate parasympathetic activity is higher in children with ADHD than in children without the disorder: high frequency in normalized units, 46.182 (14.159) versus 40.632 (12.247); root mean square of successive Fludarabine differences, 41.821 (17.834) versus 38.150 (18.357); differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 milliseconds, 199.75 (144.00) versus 127.46 (102.21) (P<0.05); percentage of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 milliseconds, 23.957 (17.316) versus 16.211 (13.215); standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat interval, 29.586 (12.622) versus 26.989 (12.983).
Conclusion: Comparison of the autonomic
function by analyzing HRV suggests an increase in the activity of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous systems in children with ADHD in relation to the control group.”
“Liquid natural rubber
of different molecular masses L-LNR, and H-LNR were subjected to varying degree PLX4032 of epoxidation (L-ELNR-10, L-ELNR-20, L-ELNR30, L-ELNR-40, L-ELNR-50, H-LNR-20, and H-LNR-50) and the products were incorporated into PVC at various compositions by the solution blending method. These blend systems were subjected to tensile testing, tensile impact measurements, and SEM studies. It was observed that blends with L-ELNR-20 showed highest impact strength modification, followed by L-ELNR-10 and L-ELNR-30. High impact properties showed by these blends are attributed to the optimum level of compatibility existing ERK inhibitor research buy between the blend components. Tensile impact fracture studies revealed that the failure pattern for this blend system is intermediate between the brittle fracture of rigid PVC and ductile fracture of PVC/L-ELNR-50 samples. Blends up to 30 mol % of epoxidation showed partially compatible heterogeneous nature exhibiting domain morphology. Blends of liquid rubber with higher degree of epoxidation showed deterioration in tensile strength, modulus, yield strength, and tensile impact strength due to plasticization of PVC caused by the higher polar interaction between PVC chains and the oxirane rings. Effect of ELNR molecular weight was studied and it is found that the impact modification is higher for the L-ELNR blends compared to the H-ELNR blends. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.