3% (p < 0.001). When Modic changes were present with OLF, initial mJOA score was found to be significantly lower than those without Modic change (7.62 vs. 9.09, p = 0.033). Neurological status improved after BMS-345541 NF-��B inhibitor decompressive laminectomy without fusion (preoperative vs. last mJOA; 7.1 +/- A 2.01 vs. 8.57 +/- A 1.91, p < 0.001). However, one patient

exhibited transient deterioration of her neurological status after surgery. In the axial configuration, fused-type OLF revealed a significant risk for a decreased postoperative mJOA score (0-7, severe and moderate) (Odds ratio: 5.54, chi (2) = 4.41, p = 0.036, 95% CI: 1.014-30.256). The results indicated that the new categorization of axial-type of OLF is a helpful predictor of postoperative patient outcome and fused type was related with poor prognosis. In OLF cases free from ventral lesions compressing the spinal cord, decompressive laminectomy selleck chemicals llc is enough for successful surgical outcome. Therefore, early surgical treatment will be considered in cases with fused-type OLF compressing spinal cord even though they do not have myelopathic symptoms.”
“The susceptibility of bacterial cultures in biofilm formations is important for a variety of clinical treatment procedures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the impact

of laser-induced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the viability of Streptococcus mutans cells employing an artificial biofilm model. Using sterile chambered coverglasses, a salivary pellicle layer was formed in 40 chambers. Streptococcus mutans cells were inoculated in a sterile culture medium. Employing a live/dead bacterial viability kit, bacteria with intact cell membranes stained fluorescent green. Each pellicle-coated test chamber was filled with 0.7 ml of the bacterial suspension and analysed using a confocal laser scanning microscope within a layer of 10 mu m at intervals of 1 mu m from the pellicle layer. Phenothiazine chloride was used as a photosensitizer in all 40 test chambers. A diode laser (wavelength 660 nm, output power 100 mW) was used to irradiated 20 P505-15 chambers for 2 min. Fluorescence values

in the test chambers after laser irradiation (median 2.1 U, range 0.4-3.4 U) were significantly lower than baseline values after adding the photosensitizer (median 3.6 U, range 1.1-9.0; p < 0.05). The non-irradiated control chambers showed no change in fluorescence at the end of an additional photosensitizer residence time of 2 min without laser irradiation (median 1.9 U, range 0.7-3.6; median 1.9 U, range 0.8-6.0, respectively; p > 0.05). The present study indicated that laser irradiation is an essential part of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to reduce bacteria within a layer of 10 mu m. Further studies are needed to evaluate the maximum biofilm thickness that still allows a toxic effect on microorganisms.”
“Nanopaper was prepared using ground cellulose nanofibers (GC) from canola straw and bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BC).

Upon local melting, the torsion concentrates at the molten zone. With proper twist angle for each crystal orientation, a geometrically necessary twin boundary forms controllably during solidification of the molten zone. Repeating this process generates controllable patterns of twin boundaries in nanowires. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3511366]“
“New anthracene-based polyethers, anthracene/bisphenol A (An-BPA) and anthracene/fluorinated bisphenol A (An-BPAF), were synthesized and characterized. Akt inhibitor An-BPA and An-BPAF were fully soluble in common organic solvents and had number-average molecular weights of 2580 and 3240, respectively. The optical properties of the polymers

were investigated with ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Blue photoluminescence was observed in dilute solutions. In solid thin films, p-p interactions

influenced the optical properties, and redshifted photoluminescence spectra were obtained; a green emission (504 nm) for An-BPAF and a green-yellow emission (563 nm) for An-BPA were found. By cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical band gap was estimated to be 2.72 and 3.05 eV for An-BPA and 4EGI-1 mouse An-BPAF, respectively. Single-layer diode devices of an indium tin oxide/polyether/aluminum configuration were fabricated and showed relatively low turn-on voltages (3.5 V for An-BPA and 3.7 V for An-BPAF). (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 1443-1449, 2011″
“Objectives. This in vitro study assessed the visualization quality of the periodontal ligament space in cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) compared with intraoral radiographs (CR).

Study design. A phantom mimicking variable periodontal ligament spaces (0-0.42 mm) was radiographed using CBCT and CR. Fifteen datasets of each modality were randomly mixed and presented twice to 19 experienced

examiners and once to 19 inexperienced examiners.

Results. Zero-millimeter gaps were recognized in 84.4% of CBCT and in 81.6% of CR images. On CBCT scans, gaps of 0.19 mm were identified with an accuracy of 93%-100% compared with 70.2%-81.7% using CR. Experienced examiners recognized gaps of >= 0.19 mm on CBCT repeatedly with nearly 100% accuracy.

Conclusion. Compared with CR, CBCT provides better selleck chemicals visualization of simulated periodontal ligament space in this phantom. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: e95-e101)”
“Magnetotransport studies were performed on hybrid FePt/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticle systems. The linear relationship of LnR versus T-1/2 with and without a magnetic field confirms the physical picture of thermally assisted interparticle tunneling. A sign inversion of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) from negative to positive with decreasing temperature was observed. In the high temperature region, the core/shell nanoparticles show negative TMR similar to that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Newly formed oxygen containing functional groups confirmed by EPR and thermogravimetric analysis methods are produced in the irradiated polyesters. In PCL, the process might give rise to thermally induced cross-linking via oxygen containing intermolecular bridges. During storage, in both irradiated materials, morphology determined by differential scanning calorimetry is changing – PCL ability toward crystallization decreases insignificantly, whereas in PLLA the tendency is opposite buy Epoxomicin – on irradiation a contribution of crystalline

phase is growing considerably, from 18 and 19% to 41 and 31% for PLLA irradiated at 23 degrees C and at -78 degrees C, respectively. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 375-383, 2011″
“Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with rising thyroglobulin (Tg) level and negative radioiodine whole body scan results has been observed in follow-up studies. The management of this condition remains controversial. Most studies support blind I-131 treatment while others oppose this approach.

Aims:

To assess the effects of I-131 therapy for DTC with rising Tg and negative scan results.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled clinical trials, prospective controlled clinical trials and any trials Nutlin-3 using I-131 treatment or no treatment for Tg-positive and radioiodine-negative disease were included in this review.

Results: Due to the lack of any suitable randomised or prospective controlled trials in this area, it was not possible to undertake a meta-analysis. Eighteen trials were retrieved for further overall assessment. Of 438 patients from 16 studies who were treated empirically with I-131 for Tg-positive and radioiodine-negative disease, 267 (62%) displayed pathological uptake in the thyroid bed, lungs, bone, mediastinum and lymph nodes. In studies in which data were available for serum Tg levels during thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy or TSH withdrawal, 188 of 337 patients (56%) showed a decrease in serum Tg. Of 242 patients from five studies who received no specific treatment for Tg-positive and radioiodine-negative

disease, 106 (44%) showed spontaneous normalisation and a significant decrease in serum Tg.

Conclusions: The currently available evidence is insufficient for reliable assessment of the potential of I-131 treatment for Duvelisib purchase DTC with elevated Tg and negative scan results. A decrease in serum Tg in 62% of patients with DTC with elevated Tg and negative scan results suggests that I-131 therapy has a therapeutic effect for more than one-half of patients when the Tg level is considered an index of tumour burden. However, considering that 44% of patients with DTC with elevated Tg and negative scan results showed spontaneous normalisation and a significant reduction in serum Tg without any specific treatment, I-131 therapy should be individualised according to clinical characteristics.

Increase of the neuropeptide CGRP during migraine and cluster headache attacks

in the extracerebral circulation as measured in the external jugular vein (EJV) has been regarded as an established fact. Then in 2005, a study, using the migraine patients as their own controls, showed; however, no changes of CGRP in EJV. For migraine there is thus some uncertainty as to whether CGRP is increased in all migraine patients and more research is needed. In contrast, there are three ‘positive’ studies in β-Nicotinamide datasheet cluster headache in which both sumatriptan, O(2) and spontaneous resolution normalized CGRP. The source of an increase of CGRP in EJV is most likely a ‘nervous vasodilatory drive’ in the extracranial vascular bed. It remains an enigma how the observed increase of CGRP in the EJV fits into the mechanisms of migraine and cluster headache.”
“Many inflammatory mediators and other biological markers are upregulated in psoriatic lesions; some of these alterations also persist in nonlesional skin. Glucose is the major source of energy for cells, and glucose transporter 1 is the most common glucose transporter Danusertib clinical trial in humans (GLUT-1). The present study aimed at evaluating

the pattern of expression of GLUT-1 and Ki-67 in psoriatic skin (involved and uninvolved) and correlating their expression with the clinicopathological parameters in the studied patients. This study was carried out on 30 patients presented with chronic plaque psoriasis and 10 apparently healthy volunteers as a control group. GLUT-1 was not expressed in epidermis of normal skin, whereas it was expressed in 76.6% Selleck Temsirolimus of uninvolved and 86.7% of involved skin of psoriatic patients, where both the latter differed significantly regarding the intensity (P = 0.001)

and localization (P = 0.001) of GLUT-1 expression. The percentage of Ki-67 expression did not differ significantly between involved and uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients, but they were higher than that of normal skin of control group. Nucleolar pattern of Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with male sex (P = 0.05), marked parakeratosis (P = 0.01), and marked angiogenesis (P = 0.05). GLUT-1 expression was associated with degree of acanthosis and percentage of Ki-67 expression. From this study, GLUT-1 is upregulated in psoriatic epidermis and may be involved in facilitation of keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. Nucleolar pattern of Ki-67 is an indicator of progressive keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis.”
“A set of biochemical and histological responses was measured in wild gudgeon collected upstream and downstream of urban and pharmaceutical manufacture effluents. These individual end-points were associated to fish assemblage characterisation.

The dissociation constants (Ki) for these molecules were taken from the literature. The optimized 3D structure of each molecule was encoded with 62 theoretical molecular descriptors. The QSAR, using hybrid neural network modeling, was built using categorical and continuous molecular descriptors as inputs, with dissociation constants (Ki) as outputs. Categorically assigned molecular descriptors improved performance in both models. Secondary

amines and other nitrogen-containing moieties were shown to be important for the D1 like receptor selectivity, whereas molecular size, volume and tertiary and quaternary carbons were found to be of significant importance for the D2 like receptor selectivity.”
“This NU7441 in vitro study aims to report the concomitant diseases observed and damage outcome in a cohort of patients with adult idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) during long-term follow-up. All patients with IIM were identified from a single centre (follow-up between 1979 and 2006) and fulfilled at least three

of the four Bohan and Peter criteria. Patients with inclusion body myositis, juvenile-onset myositis and overt overlap PFTα in vivo syndromes were excluded. Medical notes were retrospectively reviewed. Concomitant diseases identified were divided into 12 different organ systems (bone, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, central nervous, malignancy, infection, endocrine, eyes, dermatological and haematological). Patient damage index was calculated using the Myositis Damage Index

tool. Fifty-five patients (31 polymyositis, 24 dermatomyositis) were identified. GSK2126458 manufacturer The most prevalent organ system involved was lung with 40 events per 1,000 patient years follow-up. There was significant steroid-related complications with 17/18 patients with bone involvement having osteopenia/osteoporosis. Sjogren’s syndrome (n = 3) was the most frequent concomitant auto-immune disease observed. Patients with a higher number of organ systems involved had a significantly higher damage index (r = 0.48, p = 0.001). White patients showed a significant trend to develop more than three other organ system involvement (p < 0.0001) and myositis-related lung disease (p < 0.0001) compared to other races. There is significant steroid-related morbidity in adult IIM patients under long-term follow-up. The prevalence of another concomitant auto-immune disease unlike patients with lupus or Sjogren’s syndrome is low.”
“Background: The increasing use of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research and care across all medical disciplines requires an understanding of the nonclinical variables that affect these measures. Participation in medical malpractice litigation, as is common following neonatal brachial plexus palsy, may be an important confounder of parent or patient-reported outcomes.

Overall, the evidence suggests learn more that MST results in greater early (1 week) preservation of skeletal muscle strength and range of motion over PLT. This difference has disappeared at 1 month. There is little evidence

to suggest a difference in pulmonary function or pain dependent on the thoracotomy type. Moreover, analgesic consumption is similar. However, there is an inverse relationship between the incision length and the post-thoracotomy syndrome.”
“Modern techniques on single-cell and -molecule resolution reveal that gene and protein expressions between cells of an otherwise identical group are stochastic in time, and clonal population of cells display heterogeneity in the abundance of a given protein

per cell at any measured time. Today, combinatorially, stochasticity and heterogeneity are INCB018424 considered as biological noise and are essential for generating phenotypic variations, cell fate decisions and amplification of molecular signals. Here, several works from experimental and theoretical aspects that show multimodal biological decisions at single cell and population level are reviewed. The emerging lessons from these studies suggest that, for yielding multimodal decisions, living systems are guided by well-defined nonlinear deterministic processes which are sensitive to specific range of biological parameters. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012 doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1175 For further resources related to this article, please visit the .”
“Distinction between melanoma in situ (MIS) and solar lentigo (SL) on chronically sun-damaged skin (CSDS) by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) criteria alone can be difficult and in frozen section (FS) selleck chemicals llc material, may be virtually impossible without immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, we used microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) IHC-directed image analysis

to compare melanocyte nuclear morphometrics of MIS, SL, and sections of sun-damaged skin from redundant tissue acquired during Mohs micrographic surgery. The mean nuclear diameter and melanocytic density figures for MIS were greater than those for SL and CSDS by both independent t-test and analysis of variance statistics. No significant differences in these parameters were found between SL and sun-damaged skin. Cutoff values that favored MIS over SL included melanocyte density >= 10 nuclei per 200 mu m, nuclear diameter >= 9 mu m, and a product of density and diameter of 80 or more, as each of these values was associated with 100% specificity of MIS diagnosis. Our results suggest that image analysis of melanocytes labeled with MITF IHC can be used to produce morphometric data that distinguish MIS from SL and CSDS. The study was conducted using permanent sections, but previous studies with FSs indicate that the findings would apply to FSs as well.

Results. VAS score, JOA score, and ODI were not significantly different among the three groups before and after surgery (P > 0.05). Average amount of local bone graft used for one segment

significantly decreased in proportion to the number of fusion levels (P < 0.05). The rate of bone union was 88% in the one-level group, 85% in the two-level group, and 62.5% in the three-level group, which was significantly lower than that in the one- and two-level groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion. If one- and two-level Selleck LY2603618 posterolateral fusion were performed, the local bone graft technique provides a good and uniform bone union rate; however, for three-level fusion poor results were obtained because of an insufficient amount of local bone.”
“Crosslinked acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymers and copolymers were prepared by free Citarinostat mouse radical solution polymerization using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker. The chemical structures of hydrogels were characterized by FTIR analysis and the results were consistent with the expected structures. These hydrogels were used for the separation of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) ions from their aqueous solutions. The influence

of the uptake conditions such as pH, time and initial feed concentration on the metal ion binding capacity of hydro-gel was also tested. The selectivity of the hydrogel towards the different metal ions tested was Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Fe(III). It was observed that the specific interaction between metal ions and ionic comonomers in the hydrogel affected the metal binding capacity of the hydrogel. The recovery of metal ions was also investigated in acid media. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals,

Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 2500-2510, 2012″
“Many pharmacological agents were investigated for the prevention of renal ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury as well as the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. The aim of the study was to examine the possible renoprotective effect of enoximone as a member of this family on IR injury. Thirty-six Wistar-Albino rats were allocated to six groups. Sham (S) and control groups (E1, E2) only received 0.09% NaCl, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg enoximone via caudal caval vein, respectively. In ischemia SYN-117 inhibitor (I) and treatment groups (IE1, IE2), the rats were subjected to bilateral renal artery occlusion and were given 0.09% NaCl, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg enoximone in the same route, respectively. Bilateral kidneys were removed at the sixth hour of laparotomy for histopathological and biochemical analysis, such as superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, malonyldialdehyde, and nitric oxide end products. Blood samples were taken in order to evaluate renal function tests. The data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, and p < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. The worst results were achieved in ischemia group (p < .

Modulating the immune system in the management of different stages of melanoma has been

the focus of numerous large randomized trials worldwide. This article reviews the current status of immunotherapy for melanoma, with a focus on the recent promising results from using vaccines, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, and adoptive cell therapy.”
“Development of the human brain follows a complex trajectory of age-specific anatomical and physiological changes. The application of network analysis provides an illuminating perspective on the dynamic interregional and global properties of this intricate and complex system. Here, we provide a critical synopsis of methods of network analysis with a focus on developing brain networks. After discussing basic concepts MK5108 price and approaches to network analysis, we explore the primary events of anatomical cortical development from gestation through adolescence. Upon this framework, we describe early selleckchem work revealing the evolution of age-specific functional brain networks in normal neurodevelopment. Finally, we review how these relationships can be altered in disease and perhaps even rectified with treatment. While this method of description and inquiry

remains in early form, there is already substantial evidence that the application of network models and analysis to understanding normal and abnormal human neural development holds tremendous promise for future discovery.”
“The Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) has been suspected not only to control vascular tone but also to regulate angiogenesis. Angiotensin II has been shown to influence angiogenic

factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The Corpus luteum undergoes intense VEGF-dependent angiogenesis, regulated by luteinising hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). We therefore hypothesised, that locally produced Angiotensin II could act as a physiological co-regulator with hCG in luteal VEGF expression.

We investigated the expression of RAS components and their regulation by hCG in human granulosa lutein cells using RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, we studied the effect of Angiotensin II on basal and hCG-stimulated VEGF expression using TaqMan-analysis, selleck chemicals llc ELISA, and Western blot analysis.

Human granulosa lutein cells express angiotensinogen and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and synthesise Angiotensin. In addition, they express both Angiotensin receptors. Angiotensin II stimulated VEGF mRNA (p < 0.05) and protein expression (p < 0.05). However, hCG decreased angiotensinogen (p < 0.05) and Angiotensin II (p < 0.05). Both, the addition of Angiotensin II and its inhibition using Candesartan did not change the magnitude of hCG-increased VEGF expression.

These findings suggest a role for locally synthesised Angiotensin II in the regulation of luteal VEGF expression.

“
“Purpose: To formulate and prepare controlled release (CR) matrix tablets of tramadol HCl using Carbopol 974P and 934 polymers as rate-controlling agents.

Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression method using various drug to polymer (D: P) ratios. Co-excipients, including carboxymethylcellulose, starch and/or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were also used to modulate the formulations. Various physical tests and in vitro dissolution studies were carried out on the formulations. The dissolution data were subjected to various release models

Results: As the concentration of the polymer (rate-controlling agent) increased, dissolution rate

decreased, For the formulation containing Carbopol see more 974P at D: P ratio of 10: 7, drug release decreased to 83 % compared with the release rate of 99 % for the formulation with D: ratio of 10:3. Kinetic analysis indicates that drug release mechanism was anomalous non-Fickian diffusion.

Conclusion: Both Carbopol 974P and 934 can Nec-1s purchase be used as rate-controlling agents in the formulation of tramadol HCl CR tablets. Appropriate selection of drug/polymer ratio can be applied effectively to

modulate the dissolution rate of the drug.”
“Contents The assisted reproductive techniques used in dogs have strictly limited utility when compared with other mammals. Although successful somatic cell cloning has been reported, artificial insemination by frozen semen has been only readily available method for improved breeding for companion and working dogs. Recently, successful cryopreservation of embryos and subsequent embryo transfer with a non-surgical technique in dog was reported. Application of embryo cryopreservation and transfer technology could contribute to breeding management in companion dogs, working dogs including guide dogs and drug-detecting dogs and quarantine dogs. Such technology would also facilitate the transportation and

storage of genetic materials and aid in the elimination of vertically transmitting diseases in the dog.”
“Background Prior studies have found that obese patients have paradoxically lower in-hospital mortality after non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction than their normal-weight https://www.sellecn.cn/products/tpx-0005.html counterparts, yet whether these associations persist long term is unknown.

Methods and Results We linked detailed clinical data for patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction aged 65 years in the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines (CRUSADE) Registry to Medicare claims data to obtain longitudinal outcomes. Using height and weight measured on admission, patients were categorized into 6 body mass index (BMI [kilograms per meter squared]) groups.

(5) When the segmental distribution of C4-T1 ROM is plotted GW4064 molecular weight as the percentage of total motion, it demonstrates that for PF and FP groups, the combined ROM of the C5-C6 and C6-C7 operative levels are similar to that of the intact spine in EF and LB. For the PP group, the combined ROM of the operative levels increased,

whereas the combined ROM for the FF group is decreased. The decrease or increase of the adjacent C4-C5 or C7-T1 level ROM compensates for the operative levels.”
“Study Design. A biomechanical study using human lumbar spines.

Objective. To test the hypotheses that with increasing implant height (1) the range of motion (ROM) of the implanted segment will decrease, (2) the segmental lordosis will increase, and (3) the size of the neural foramens will increase.

Summary of Background Data. Little is known about the effects Dactolisib supplier of the implant height on the segmental motion and foraminal size at the implanted level.

Methods. Seven human lumbar spines (age, 54.4 +/- 11.4 years; L1-sacrum) were tested intact, and after discectomy at L4-L5 and sequential insertion of ProDisc-L implants (Synthes Spine, Paoli,

PA) of increasing heights (10, 12, and 14 mm). The specimens were tested in flexion (8 Nm) and extension (+/- 6 Nm) with a 400 N follower preload as well as in lateral bending (+/- 6 Nm) and axial rotation (+/- 5 Nm) without preload. Three-dimensional motions were

measured at L4-L5. Foraminal sizes at L4-L5 were measured in the specimen’s neutral posture under a 400 N preload for the intact spine and after each implantation using finely graded cylindrical probes. Segmental lordosis was measured in the specimen’s neutral posture under a 400 N preload by analyzing digital fluoroscopic images. Effects of implant height on the kinematics, foraminal size, and segmental lordosis were assessed using paired comparisons with Bonferroni correction.

Results. Increasing implant height from 10 mm to 14 mm caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in segmental ROM by up to 37% +/- 21% in flexion/extension, 33% +/- 18% in lateral bending, and 29% +/- 28% in axial rotation. Increasing implant height also produced a significant increase in segmental Selleckchem CUDC-907 lordosis (P < 0.05): from 9.7 degrees +/- 2.9 degrees at 10 mm, to 16.1 degrees +/- 5.1 degrees at 14 mm. The increase in foraminal size, while significant, was only 4.6% +/- 3.2% when comparing 10 mm to 14 mm implants.

Conclusion. These results suggest that a smaller implant height should be selected to optimize the ROM of the implanted segment and maintain sagittal balance.”
“Natural rubber with low heat generation was prepared by the inclusion of boron carbide (B(4)C). Tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal constant analysis were performed.