Asian Journal of Andrology (2011) 13, 254-265; doi:10.1038/aja.2010.99; published online 20 December 2010″
“Bituminaria bituminosa (L) C.H. Stirton (Fabaceae) accumulates high concentrations of the furanocoumarins (FCs) angelicin and psoralen, which

protect against infection and herbivory. The effects on FC accumulation of the exposure of two populations of B. bituminosa to abiotic stress (cold, heat and drought) under field conditions were determined, as well as the effect of temperature under controlled conditions, in hydroponic culture. In field conditions, psoralen and angelicin levels in the leaf dry matter were 400-6000 and 1500-11,000 selleck screening library mu g g(-1), respectively. There were significant effects of population on the psoralen concentration and psoralen:angelicin ratio. In hydroponic culture, exposure to a diurnal temperature of 33 degrees C increased FC levels in population Calnegre but not in Llano del Beal, compared with plants grown at 22 degrees C; however, high summer temperatures in the field (>30 degrees C) did not coincide with the highest leaf FC levels, since the plants accumulated FCs preferentially in the fruits. Hence, leaf FC levels were higher in winter. Irrigation, to alleviate water stress in the semi-arid conditions, increased the fruit psoralen

concentration but produced only minor decreases in leaf FC levels. There was a significant, positive correlation (P < 0.001) between Bromosporine cost the FC and nitrogen concentrations in the plant organs analysed (both increased in the order: fruits > growing leaves > mature leaves), reflecting their respective

contributions to plant fitness. The genetically- and developmentally-regulated accumulation of FCs by B. bituminosa is altered by short-term variations in environmental conditions, particularly temperature. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apo866-fk866.html SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Hot-electron transport theory of standard semiconductor layered structures predicts the occurrence of negative differential resistance (NDR) associated with inter-valley electron transfer, negative effective mass, and real-space transfer. An analysis of the growth of quantized space-charge waves in single and double heterostructures in which no real-space transfer occurs is presented. It is shown that, in contrast to the situation in bulk material, growth is a complicated function of wavevector because of quantization effects. As a consequence, growth is limited by quantization effects and diffusion to small wave-vectors. To illustrate the effect of quantization clearly, the analysis is limited to growth within the lowest sub-band. In spite of quantization differences, a quantitative comparison can be made by a simple rescaling. Growth is shown to be severely limited to small wave-vectors and its rate turns out to be independent of the details of quantization, being that for extreme confinement.

pylori infection.”
“Objective: (1) To understand speech perception and communication ability through real telephone calls by Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants and compare them to live-voice perception, (2) to report the general condition of telephone use of this population, and (3) to investigate the factors that correlate with telephone speech perception performance.

Methods: Fifty-six children with over 4 years of implant use (aged 6.8-13.6 years, mean duration

8.0 years) took three speech perception tests administered using telephone Selleckchem LY2606368 and live voice to examine sentence, monosyllabic-word and Mandarin tone perception. The children also filled out a questionnaire survey investigating everyday telephone use. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the scores between live-voice and telephone tests, and Pearson’s LY3023414 solubility dmso test to examine the correlation between them.

Results: The mean scores were 86.4%, 69.8% and 70.5% respectively for sentence, word and tone recognition over the telephone. The corresponding live-voice mean scores were 94.3%, 84.0% and 70.8%. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed the sentence

and word scores were significantly different between telephone and live voice test, while the tone recognition scores were not, indicating tone perception was less worsened by telephone transmission than words and sentences. Spearman’s test showed that chronological age and duration of selleck implant use were weakly correlated with the perception test scores. The questionnaire survey showed 78% of the children could initiate phone calls and 59% could use the telephone 2 years after implantation.

Conclusion: Implanted children are potentially capable

of using the telephone 2 years after implantation, and communication ability over the telephone becomes satisfactory 4 years after implantation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The alpha 2 agonist clonidine has become a popular drug for premedication in children. Effects and pharmacokinetics after oral, rectal, and intravenous administration are well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the absorption pharmacokinetics of clonidine nasal drops in children.

Thirteen ASA I pediatric patients received after induction of anesthesia 4 mcg.kg(-1) of clonidine by the nasal route. Blood samples were taken during a 12-h period and plasma levels of clonidine were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were calculated by a computer-aided curve-fitting program.

Plasma pharmacokinetics following administration of clonidine nasal drops showed a considerable interindividual variability and absorption was delayed and limited. A total of 95% confidence intervals for maximum plasma concentration and time to achieve maximum plasma concentration were 0.4-0.6 ng.ml(-1) and 1.4-3.0 h, respectively.

“
“Objective. Prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) are statewide databases containing prescriber and patient-level prescription data on select drugs of abuse. These databases are used by medical professionals CCI-779 inhibitor or law enforcement officials to identify patients with prescription drug use patterns indicative

of abuse or providers engaging in illegal activities. Most states have implemented PMPs in an attempt to curb prescription drug abuse and diversion. However, assessment of their impact on drug abuse is only beginning. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PMPs and opioid misuse over time in two drug abuse surveillance data sources.

Methods. Data from the RADARS (R) System Poison Center and Opioid Treatment surveillance databases were used to obtain measures of abuse and misuse of opioids. Repeated measures negative binomial regression was applied to quarterly surveillance data (from 2003 to mid-2009) to estimate and compare opioid abuse and misuse trends. PMP presence was modeled as a time varying covariate for each state.

Results.

Results support an association between PMPs and mitigated opioid abuse and misuse trends. Without a PMP in place, Poison Center intentional exposures increased, on average, 1.9% per quarter, whereas opioid intentional exposures increase 0.2% (P = 0.036) per quarter selleck chemical with a PMP in place. Opioid treatment admissions increase, on average, 4.9% per quarter in states without a PMP vs 2.6% (P = 0.058) in states with a PMP. In addition to the

time trend, population and a measure of drug availability were also significant predictors. A secondary analysis HSP inhibitor that classified PMP based upon ideal characteristic showed consistent though not significant results.

Conclusions. Two observational data sources offer preliminary support that PMPs are effective. Future efforts should evaluate what PMP characteristics are most effective and which opioids are most impacted.”
“Comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test are widely applied in genotoxicity testing and biomonitoring. While comet assay permits to measure direct DNA-strand breaking capacity of a tested agent MN test allows estimating the induced amount of chromosome and/or genome mutations. The potential of these two methods can be enhanced by the combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. FISH plus comet assay allows the recognition of targets of DNA damage and repairing directly. FISH combined with MN test is able to characterize the occurrence of different chromosomes in MN and to identify potential chromosomal targets of mutagenic substances. Thus, combination of FISH with the comet assay or MN test proved to be promising techniques for evaluation of the distribution of DNA and chromosome damage in the entire genome of individual cells. FISH technique also permits to study comet and MN formation, necessary for correct application of these methods.

Several thermal transitions were found in each type of polymer by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared were employed to determine the cause of each thermal transition revealed. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 1234-1243, 2010″
“The temperature-dependence of the electrical and dielectric properties of paper substrates was studied using experimental

papers with different NaCl contents, different thicknesses, and different grammages. Selonsertib Physical processes related to the charging potential, charge decay rate, conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of papers are dependent on thermal energy, and this dependence on temperature can be described by exponential expressions. The ion content of paper not only S63845 mouse determines the level of these properties at a given temperature, as expected but also influences their temperature-dependence. Frequency analysis of the dielectric loss confirms that new structures are formed in paper by the addition of NaCl. The results may be applicable to the design of materials and equipment, e.g., for the electrophotographic printing processes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3386466]“
“The

use of biomarkers as tools to evaluate genotoxicity is increasing recently. Methods that have been used previously to evaluate genomic instability are frequently expensive, complicated,

and invasive. The micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) technique in buccal cells offers a great opportunity to evaluate in a clear and precise way the appearance of genetic damage whether it is present as a consequence of occupational or environmental risk. This technique is reliable, fast, relatively simple, cheap, and minimally invasive and causes no pain. So, it is well accepted by patients; it can also be used to assess the genotoxic effect derived from drug use or as a result of having a chronic disease. Furthermore the beneficial effects derived from changes in life style or taking additional supplements can also be evaluated. In the present paper, we aim to focus on the explanation of MN test and its usefulness as a biomarker; AC220 we further give details about procedures to performand interpret the results of the test and review some factors that could have an influence on the results of the technique.”
“Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing rapidly in most industrialised countries, but several countries, including Switzerland, have recently reported a levelling off or even a reversal of this alarming trend.

Study aim: Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of childhood obesity in a national sample of Swiss school children recruited to assess iodine nutrition and with this to reconfirm a recently shown stabilising trend.

This is important information to assist clinicians in applying effective treatments, in particular, for peritonitis.”
“Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with functional and structural alterations of the peritoneal membrane, particularly new vessel formation and fibrosis. In addition to anticoagulant effects, heparin displays

antiinflammatory and angiostatic properties. Therefore, the effects of administration of heparins on function and morphology of the peritoneal membrane were studied in a rat PD model.

Methods: Rats received 10 mL conventional PD fluid (PDF) daily, with or without the addition of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in the PDF (1 mg/10 mL intraperitoneally) via a mini access port. Untreated rats served as controls. After 5 weeks, a 90-minute functional peritoneal transport test

was performed and tissues Selleckchem BVD-523 and peritoneal leukocytes were taken.

Results: PD treatment induced loss of ultrafiltration (p < 0.01), a twofold increase in glucose absorption (p < 0.03), increased urea transport (p < 0.02), and loss of sodium sieving (p < 0.03), which were also found in the PDF + heparin groups. Increased peritoneal cell influx and hyaluronan production (p < 0.02) as well as an exchange of mast cells and eosinophils for neutrophils after PD treatment were observed in PD rats; addition of heparin did not affect those changes. Mesothelial regeneration, submesothelial blood vessel and matrix formation, and accumulation of tissue macrophages were seen in PD PP2 nmr PD-1 inhibitor animals. Spindle-shaped vimentin-positive and cytokeratin-negative cells indicated either partial

injury and denudation of mesothelial cells or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Neither UFH nor LMWH affected any of these morphological changes.

Conclusion: Within 5 weeks, PD treatment induces a chronic inflammatory condition in the peritoneum, evidenced by high transport, leukocyte recruitment, tissue remodeling, and induction of spindle-shaped cells in the mesothelium. Addition of LMWH or UFH to the PDF did not prevent these adverse PDF-induced peritoneal changes.”
“Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is an inflammatory disease characterized by repeated pruritic follicular papules and pustules arranged in arcuate plaques, and folliculotropic infiltration of eosinophils. The diagnosis of EPF is occasionally difficult and problematic because EPF may share the clinical appearance and histological findings with other diseases. Moreover, EPF has several clinical subtypes, including the classical type, infantile type and immunosuppression-associated type. Because the therapies of EPF are relatively specific as compared to eczematous disorders, accurate diagnosis is essential for the management of EPF.

Although certain ETCO2 cut-off values appears to be a strong predictor find more of mortality, the utility of ETCO2 cut-off values during CPR to accurately predict the outcome of resuscitation is not fully established. Therefore, ETCO2 values cannot be used as a mortality predictor in isolation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Post-contrast T1 mapping by modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence has been introduced as a promising means to assess an expansion of the extra-cellular space. However, T1 value in the myocardium can be affected by scanning time after bolus contrast injection. In this study, we investigated the changes of the T1 values

according to multiple slicing over scanning time at 15 minutes after contrast injection and usefulness of blood T1 correction.

Methods: Eighteen reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, 13 cardiomyopathy patients and 8 healthy volunteers underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance with 15 minute-post contrast MOLLI to generate T1 maps. In 10 cardiomyopathy cases, pre- and post-contrast MOLLI techniques were performed to generate extracellular volume

fraction (Ve). Six slices of T1 maps according to the left ventricular (LV) short axis, from apex to base, were consecutively obtained. Each T1 value GDC-0973 order was measured in the whole myocardium, infarcted myocardium, non-infarcted myocardium and LV blood cavity.

Results: The mean T1 value of infarcted myocardium was significantly lower than that of non-infarcted myocardium (425.4 +/- 68.1 ms vs. 540.5 +/-

88.0 ms, respectively, p<0.001). T1 values of non-infarcted myocardium increased significantly from apex to base (from 523.1 +/- 99.5 ms to 561.1 +/- 81.1 ms, p=0.001), and were accompanied by a similar increase in blood T1 value in LV cavity (from 442.1 +/- 120.7 ms to 456.8 +/- 97.5 ms, p<0.001) over time. This phenomenon was applied to both left anterior descending (LAD) territory (from 545.1 +/- 74.5 ms to 575.7 +/- 84.0 ms, p<0.001) and non-LAD territory AMI cases (from 501.2 +/- 124.5 ms to 549.5 +/- 81.3 ms, p<0.001). It was similarly applied to cardiomyopathy patients and healthy volunteers. After the myocardial T1 values, Pitavastatin solubility dmso however, were adjusted by the blood T1 values, they were consistent throughout the slices from apex to base (from 1.17 +/- 0.18 to 1.25 +/- 0.13, p>0.05). The Ve did not show significant differences from apical to basal slices.

Conclusion: Post-contrast myocardial T1 corrected by blood T1 or Ve, provide more stable measurement of degree of fibrosis in non-infarcted myocardium in short-axis multiple slicing.”
“Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a low-cost, noninvasive and radiation free medical imaging modality for monitoring ventilation distribution in the lung.

The corresponding biodegradation kinetic constant was obtained at 0.035 A-1155463 order h(-1), at an initial phenol concentration of 600 mg L-1. Moreover, the phenol degradation rates in this MFC with closed circuit were 9.8-16.5 % higher than those in MFC with opened circuit. The cyclic voltammograms revealed a different electrochemical activity of the anode biofilms in the MFC, and this led to differences in performance of the MFCs with phenol as sole substrate. These results demonstrated that phenol degradation and power production are affected by current generation and type of acclimation.”
“Objective: the aim of this study is to investigate the clinical evolution, the spontaneous remission of the symptomatology

and the response to different treatments in a group of burning mouth syndrome patients.

Study Design: the sample was formed by a group of patients that were visited in the Unit of Oral Medicine of the Dentistry Clinic of the University of Barcelona, from the year 2000 to 2011. After revising the clinical records of all the patients that had been under control for a period of time of 18 months or longer, they were contacted by telephone. In the telephone interview, they were questioned about the symptomatology evolution and the response to the treatments received, noting down the data in a questionnaire previously

performed.

Results: the average duration of the symptoms was 6.5 years (+/-2.5 years). The most frequent treatments were: chlorhexidine mouthrinses, oral benzodiazepines, topical clonazepam, antiinflamatory drugs, antidepressants, antifungicals, vitamins,

psycotherapy, salivary substitutes and topical corticoids. The specialists Stem Cell Compound Library order that were consulted with a higher frequency were: dermatologists (30%), othorrynolaringologists (10%) and psychiatrists (3%). In 41 patients the oral symptoms HSP990 mw did not improve, 35 reported partial improvements, 12 patients worsened, and only in 3 patients the symptoms remitted.

Conclusions: In three of the 91 patients studied the symptoms remitted spontaneously within the five years of treatment. Only 42% of the study population had improved the symptomatology significantly, and this improvement would reach 60% if clonazepam were associated to psychotherapy.”
“Objective: To determine the utility of duplex guided angioplasty for hemodialysis access maturation and maintenance.

Design/Materials/Methods: Between January 2008 and June 2009, 223 office-based duplex-guided hemodialysis access angioplasty procedures were performed in 125 patients. Two hundred eight of the accesses were autogenous. The most common indication for intervention was maturation failure (104 cases). Other indications included pulsatility, low access flow, decreased flow and infiltration. Procedures were performed in the office using topical and local anesthesia. Volume flow (VF) was recorded prior to introducer insertion (baseline) and post intervention.

Results: Technical success was achieved in 219 cases (98.2%).

Reasons for these discrepancies will need to be elucidated to better address women’s health needs.”
“The

importance of salicylic acid (SA) in the signal transduction pathway of plant disease resistance has been well documented in many incompatible plant-pathogen interactions, but less is known about signalling in compatible interactions. In this type of interaction, tomato plants have been found to accumulate high levels of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid, GA), a metabolic derivative of SA. Exogenous GA treatments induce in tomato plants a set of PR CUDC-907 cell line proteins that differ from those induced by salicylic acid. While SA accumulates in tomato plants mainly as 2-O-beta-D-glucoside, GA has only been found as 5-O-beta-D-xyloside. To characterize this step of the GA signalling pathway further, the present work focuses on the study of the GA-conjugating activity in tomato plants. A gentisate glycosyltransferase (GAGT) cDNA has been isolated and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris, and GA-conjugating activity was

confirmed by detecting the xylosylated GA. The purified plant protein is highly specific for GA, showing no activity toward many other phenolic compounds, including SA. In addition, it shows an outstanding BKM120 selectivity for UDP-xylose as the sugar donor, which differentiates this enzyme from most glycosyltransferases. Both the GA-conjugating activity and the corresponding mRNA show a strong, rapid, and transient induction upon treatment of tomato plants with GA or SA. Furthermore, its expression is rapidly induced by compatible infections. However, neither the gene nor the activity seems to respond to incompatible infections or wounding. The unique properties of this new glycosyltransferase suggest a specific role in regulating the free GA levels in compatible plant-pathogen interactions.”
“We report a theoretical study of a new copolymer based on (Carbazole and Ethylenedioxythiophene)(n)

(n = 1-3) in their neutral and oxidized states, by using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) Rapamycin molecular weight calculations and thus deduce its optoelectronic properties. We discuss the influence of chain length of these properties. We also discuss the experimental UV-Visible spectrum for (PolyvinylcarbazolePoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) (PVK-PEDOT) copolymer powder for comparison. Conformational analysis shows that there are no big changes in the structural parameters of the oligomers in their neutral form. After oxidation the oligomers become more planar and show a quinoidal character. The electronic states of monomers (Cbz-Edot) based Carbazole (Cbz) and Ethylenedioxythiophene (Edot), were elucidated by molecular orbital calculations using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). The HOMO, LUMO, and gap energies E-g were also deduced for the stable structure of the neutral, polaronic, and bipolaronic forms.

Additionally, TUNEL-positive cells were increased in number of VEGF+ cells and levels of VEGF and NGF-beta. were decreased in diabetic testes. Correlation between VEGF and NGF-beta. levels was strong. Conclusion. These results suggest that the decrease of VEGF and NGF-beta. levels is associated with the increase of the apoptosis and testicular damage in diabetic rats. Testis VEGF and NGF-beta. levels could be potential novel biomarkers for diabetes induced testicular Rabusertib price damage.”
“We describe a patient with Kleine-Levin syndrome who was initially misdiagnosed as having epilepsy and

who achieved complete remission on carbamazepine treatment. A drug effect was established when symptoms recurred after carbamazepine taper and disappeared after reintroduction of the drug. Carbamazepine, a safer drug than lithium, https://www.selleckchem.com/Proteasome.html can be a highly effective treatment in some patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome. This syndrome can sometimes be confused with epilepsy because of the episodic nature of the symptoms

and the occasional response to anticonvulsants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“A variable temperature, ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to characterize interfacial friction for a single-asperity diamond contact on a diamondlike carbon (DLC) substrate over a nominal substrate temperature range of 90 to 275 K. Calibrated friction force measurements were obtained by analyzing lateral force hysteresis loops as a function of normal force. For sufficiently large normal forces, the lateral force was proportional to the normal force, and a friction coefficient mu could be identified. mu varied approximately linearly with substrate temperature, with mu=0.28 at T=90 K and mu=0.38 at 275 K. These results are compared to other recent variable temperature AFM friction measurements and to theoretical calculations based on the Tomlinson model. This comparison is obscured by large, experimentally uncontrolled temperature differences between the tip and the substrate which inevitably exist in conventional, variable temperature

AFMs. A thermal model which can be used to quantitatively estimate these temperature differences is presented. Selleckchem Compound C (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3436564]“
“A novel silicon-containing resin (ESA resin) was successfully synthesized by the condensation reaction of lithium arylacetylide with chlorosilane in high yields. The resin was characterized by the techniques of FTIR, (29)Si-NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. Thermal cure process was monitored by DSC and FTIR methods. This resin could melt at around 100 degrees C and thermally cured at 200-250 degrees C with low exothermal enthalpy. Owing to the high aryl groups containing and the complete crosslinking of ethynyl groups, the cured ESA resin exhibited excellent thermal stability and high char yield.

Clinical examination revealed a large tumor obstructing the vagina. Tumor markers (CA 125, CEA, AFP and CA 19-9), white blood cells and biochemical tests were all within the normal limits. Pelvic ultrasound

and magnetic resonance imaging scan confirmed the presence of a large retroperitoneal/pelvic mass. The tumor was surgically excised and pathohistologically diagnosed as a well differentiated leiomyosarcoma, staged IB. Six years after surgery the patient is well and disease free.”
“Several reports in the literature have described the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level upon functional residual capacity (FRC) in ventilated patients during general https://www.selleckchem.com/products/DAPT-GSI-IX.html anesthesia. This study compares FRC in mechanically low tidal volume ventilation with different PEEP levels during upper abdominal surgery.

Before induction

of anesthesia Small molecule library research buy (awake) for nine patients with upper abdominal surgery, a tight-seal facemask was applied with 2 cmH(2)O pressure support ventilation and 100 % O-2 during FRC measurements conducted on patients in a supine position. After tracheal intubation, lungs were ventilated with bilevel airway pressure with a volume guarantee (7 ml/kg predicted body weight) and with an inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) of 0.4. PEEP levels of 0, 5, and 10 cmH(2)O were used. Each level of 5 and 10 cmH(2)O PEEP was maintained for 2 h. FRC was measured at each PEEP level.

FRC awake was significantly higher than that at PEEP 0 cmH(2)O (P < 0.01). FRC at PEEP 0 cmH(2)O was significantly lower than that at 10 cmH(2)O (P < 0.01). PaO2/FIO2 awake was significantly higher than that for PEEP 0 cmH(2)O (P < 0.01). PaO2/FIO2 at PEEP 0 cmH(2)O was significantly lower than that for PEEP 5 cmH(2)O or PEEP 10 cmH(2)O (P < 0.01). Furthermore, PEEP 0 cmH(2)O, PEEP

5 cmH(2)O after 2 h, and PEEP 10 cmH(2)O after 2 h were correlated with FRC (R = 0.671, P < 0.01) and PaO2/FIO2 (R = 0.642, P < 0.01).

Results suggest that PEEP at 10 cmH(2)O is necessary to maintain lung function if low tidal volume ventilation is used during upper abdominal surgery.”
“A 54-year-old man with a history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma presented 2 months after an orthotopic liver transplant with fever and abdominal pain. BTSA1 clinical trial Two weeks earlier, he had an hepatic artery thrombosis and a biliary stricture, for which an hepatic artery stent and a biliary stent were placed. Laboratory workup was significant for leukocyte count of 7800/mcL with 92% segmented neutrophils, hemoglobin 9.4 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase 98 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 72 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 358 U/L, albumin 2.8 mg/dL, and total bilirubin 1.6 mg/dL. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed multiple small fluid collections in the liver consistent with bilomas, and an hepatic angiogram showed complete occlusion of the common hepatic artery.