By measuring perceived threat at two time points, it is possible to see whether those with a high level of perceived threat both at the scene of injury and in hospital are at greater risk than those who are equally afraid in one of these situations, i.e. a measure of the duration of experienced threat. The main contributions of the new instrument are the ability to measure peritraumatic sensory perception and the ability to compare the relative contribution of the

sensory perception and items representing Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical fear, dissociation and lack of autonomy (feeling stuck) for subsequent posttraumatic symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to assess and validate the CCI, and to examine the correlations between the CCI and stress responses measured by the Impact of Event

Scale (IES) and the Post-traumatic Stress Scale-10 (PTSS-10). Methods Procedures and Design The CCI was tested on physically Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical injured, conscious patients admitted to the emergency room at Oslo University Hospital Ulleval. The cross-sectional data was collected after discharge. Participants received a consent form, self-report questionnaire, and stamped return envelope approximately one – two weeks after Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical discharge, with a reminder after one month. For the CCI they were asked to recall impressions and psychological Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical responses experienced at the scene of the injury and in the hospital. Demographic characteristics were obtained, and for the

IES and PTSS-10 the patients were asked to answer referring to the last seven days. Ulleval Trauma Registry provided Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical data on the physical traumas. The respondents had to be between 18-65 years. Measuring perceptions at scene of injury and in hospital required conscious patients and a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) [14] equal to or above 11 was an inclusion criterion. A score of 3 indicates no response, and 15 reflect a normal level of consciousness. The participants returned the baseline questionnaires before randomization to an intervention (the intervention data will be reported in a subsequent paper), therefore living more than 60 kilometers from the hospital was an exclusion criterion. Patients were also excluded if they were unable to speak or read tuclazepam Norwegian or had unknown address, had self-inflicted injuries, had serious psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems (psychotic and/or in need of acute psychiatric treatment), and/or were involved in criminal acts. Measures The Casualty Chain Inventory A study group that consisted of a liaison psychiatrist, one BMS-754807 mw medical doctor (who treats patients with physical trauma) and a trauma nurse developed the CCI.

This approach resembles that of the internist who, in a case of pneumonia, would attach the same diagnostic valence to the symptom of fatigue as to the symptom of chemical structure shortness of breath. In medicine, such an approach would be labeled malpractice. In psychiatry it is officially sanctioned. A mental disorder can be considered as a composite of psychological dysfunctions, mutually interacting in a complex way. The diagnostic weight of the various components is presumably unequal. Some of them arc primary, ie, the direct consequence

of the underlying cerebral substratum; others are secondary, ie, derivatives of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the pathophysiological processes. Primary symptoms should be the prime target of research into the biology of the disorder and of therapeutic interventions, given their availability. Since the work of Rugen Bleuler, the fundamental distinction between Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical primary and secondary symptoms has received hardly any attention. The reason is not difficult to guess: because there were no methods to study the brain, it was virtually impossible to

validate the primary/secondary distinction. As a result of advances in biological psychiatry and psychopathology, that argument no longer holds good. Our studies in mood disorders are a case Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in point. They led us, as mentioned above, to the hypothesis that a subgroup of depression exists in which: (i) serotonergic functioning is demonstrably disturbed; (ii) anxiety and/or aggression Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical dysregulation are the primary psychopathological features and mood-lowering the subsidiary ones; and (III) serotonergic dysfunction and affective vulnerability are causally linked. If true, the proper treatment of such serotonin -related, anxiety/aggression-driven forms of depression would be a compound that ameliorates anxiety and/or aggression via regulation of serotonergic circuits.3 Verticalization of psychiatric diagnoses

could fundamentally change the strategy for developing novel psychopharmacological principles. Instead of finding drugs to fight disorders such as schizophrenia Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical or major depression, the goal would shift towards the development of drugs that regulate core types of psychological dysfunction underlying a particular psychopathological state. Verticalization studies presuppose careful dissection of the prevailing syndrome into its component parts: the psychological dysfunctions. This is another reason why the functional approach should be an integral part of making a psychiatric diagnosis. Neglect of psychogenesis A fundamental shortcoming of Casein kinase 1 the prevailing psychiatric taxonomy is the lack of an etiological axis. The rationale for this is the wish to be atheoretical. With today’s methodologies, however, it is possible to put forward an etiological hypothesis that is as reliable as any on the presence or absence and severity of particular psychopathological symptoms. What is most particularly missing is the requirement to formulate a hypothesis on the relationship between axis I and axis II diagnoses.

This remarkable and immediate antidepressant modality has been recognized for 30 years, but is little used in everyday clinical practice. Perhaps it is the paradox of taking sleep away from the depressive insomniac that has a negative connotation for both patient and psychiatrist (“wake therapy” would be a more positive alternative name). Perhaps it is also the short-term nature of the response

that has hindered its use, though the magnitude of the clinical changes brought about by sleep deprivation still remain highly intriguing and may provide clues for understanding the pathophysiology of depression. Sleep deprivation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical is the paradigm par excellence for depression research: rapid, nonpharmacological, and short lasting. It may be the nonpharmacological Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical nature of sleep deprivation (it cannot be patented) that has contributed to its status as an “orphan drug.”67 It is surprising that no pharmaceutical company has focused on this model to search for that much-needed rapid-acting antidepressant.8 This lack may be remedied in the future; new research reveals that, whereas Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical sleep induces very few genes, wakefulness increases expression of several groups of genes,68 and here comparisons with

the effects of antidepressant drug treatment may narrow down the candidates. Some committed proponents of sleep deprivation have recognized its clinical usefulness to initiate rapid improvement, particularly in Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the most severely depressed

patients in whom time is of the essence. Sleep deprivation is effective in all diagnostic subgroups of depression. The problem is the relapse after recovery sleep, and new strategies have sought treatments to prevent this. Response appears to be well maintained by treatment with lithium, antidepressants (in particular SSRIs), or the 5-HT1A receptor Stem Cell Compound Library screening antagonist pindolol, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical as well as nonpharmacological adjuvants such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS),69 light therapy, or phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle, or various combinations thereof (see, for example, reference 36 and 70, reviewed in reference 8; Table I). Light therapy Light therapy can be considered to be the most successful clinical application of circadian below rhythm concepts in psychiatry to date. Light is the treatment of choice for SAD.71 The quality of recent SAD studies has been exemplary, and the response rate is well above placebo (in fact, superior to analogous trials with antidepressant drugs).72 The success of this nonpharmacological treatment has been astonishing, but it has taken rather long for light therapy to be accepted by establishment psychiatry,72 and trials of other indications are still in the research phase. Its very success in SAD has limited use in other forms of depression (characterized as “it’s a chronobiological treatment for a chronobiological subset of depressive patients”).

Although limited to the present sample, such finding would indicate that reduced semantic CFTR high throughput screening fluency is the most distinctive cognitive trait of OCD and that the cognitive processing abnormalities underlying the observed deficit might be etiological relevant factors in the disorder, though distinct from other assumed pathogenic factors such as brain circuitry anomalies. Indeed, individual Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical variation in the semantic fluency performance was correlated in the OCD sample, with diffusivity changes in three areas (the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left precuneus and the right inferior

parietal gyrus) so that the semantic fluency score decreased as MD values increased, though no microstructural

differences were observed in these regions between OCD and HC. Actually, the role of the left temporal lobe in semantic fluency is well-established by functional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical imaging studies showing that particularly the left inferior temporal cortex is more involved in word retrieval according to given categories (e.g.: Gourovitch et al. 2000; Grogan et al. 2009; Mummery et al. 1996; Heim et al. 2008). On the other hand, the association between the semantic fluency Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical score and the microstructural integrity of the left precuneus is less expected, although it might be related to use of a Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical visual search strategy. Indeed, even if the categorical

fluency task is primarily a semantic auditory task, participant often report recourse to strategies more based on visual imagery. It is thus conceivable that owing to the microscopic alterations in temporal structures responsible for semantic memory, OCD patients did not recur to a semantic association strategy to unravel the task, but rather Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical relied on a visual imagery search strategy, though the latter was somehow impeded by loss of normal microstructure in the Resminostat left precuneus. A negative correlation between performance in the semantic fluency task and microstructural tissue integrity was also observed in the right parietal cortex, a region probably implicated in the control of switching across different stimuli (see Gurd et al. 2002). As semantic fluency requires not only the ability to cluster words within a given category but also the capacity to switch efficiently to a new subcategory, it is possible that the observed loss of microstructural tissue integrity in the parietal lobe might have hindered the ability to shift efficiently between subcategories, hence determining the observed reduced category fluency in our OCD sample.

38 Recommendations included use of frozen section to guide resection until margins are tumor-free circumferentially around the tumor. On final pathology report margins

will be recorded as either “clear” (negative) or “involved” (positive). “Close” margins can be recorded, but will not influence the “risk” status of the tumor and subsequent treatment. Blanch et al. stressed that, in patients who have been diagnosed with pharyngo-laryngeal cancer, TLM can generate situations where it is difficult to define the boundary between tumor-free tissue and tumor-affected tissue.39 When tumor cells were found at less than 2 mm from the margin, when carbonization Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical inhibitors purchase impaired margin assessment, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical or when no final pathology could be obtained (thyroid cartilage has been reached), this was considered an uncertain margin. Their results showed that patients with positive or uncertain margins were more likely to have relapsed than patients with negative margins, concluding that status of tumor margins is an independent prognostic factor influencing local control. However, Jackel et al.40 concluded differently after analyzing the results of one of the biggest series of patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer treated with TLM. They found that it is the neoplastic cells in the revision specimen that count as a prognostic factor for poor local control, rather than a positive margin in the initial specimen. Hinni et al.41

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical used a technique they named margin mapping: careful, microscopically driven piecemeal tumor resection, where the inking and preparation of the specimen are done in the operating room by the operating surgeon in close consultation with the pathologist, in TLM for tonsil cancer. Their conclusion challenged Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the concept that a margin of 5 mm should be obtained to prevent local recurrence, also suggesting that such a margin is not supported by local anatomy. TORS offers the possibility of improved visualization and better accessibility over TLM. The daVinci Surgical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical System (Intuitive Surgical® Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) consists of a surgeon’s console and

a surgical cart comprising two laterally placed instrument arms and a centrally located endoscopic arm holding the three-dimensional camera. During TORS the surgeon has Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase real-time and direct control of instrument movement, with the possibility to use open surgical techniques via the console. These high-level capabilities make the daVinci robot more suitable to perform oncologic resections and the surgeon to perform more complex operations. Assessment of margins, as described in the first reports in the literature, uses the same principles of TLM with good co-operation between the surgeon and the pathologist and biopsies taken for frozen section analysis as needed.42–44 Table 2 summarizes publications of up-to-date series of TORS for upper aerodigestive tract cancer with assessment of surgical margins.

Janssen funded the faculty meetings and meetings with practising psychiatrists that led to the development of the checklist

and also the work of ApotheCom ScopeMedical. Conflict of interest statement: The authors’ involvement in this initiative was part of paid consultancy work with Janssen, which also provided travel expenses for authors to attend group meetings where the checklist was developed. In addition, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the past 3 years all the authors except M.E.J.L. have received conference support and honoraria for lecturing and other consultancy work from Janssen and other pharmaceutical companies manufacturing antipsychotic drugs. PDE inhibitors high throughput screening During this period several authors have also received research grants from Janssen Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and/or other companies. Contributor Information Peter M Haddad, Greater

Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Cromwell House, Cromwell Road, Eccles, Salford M30 OGT, UK. W Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Joseph Peuskens, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium. Roberto Cavallaro, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy. Michael EJ Lean, University Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of Glasgow, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Glasgow, UK. Margarita Morozova, National Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russian Federation. Gavin Reynolds, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. Jean-Michel Azorin, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France. Pierre Thomas, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France. Hans-Jürgen Möller, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Major depressive disorder

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (MDD) is a mental disease characterized by reduced mood, low self-esteem and loss of interest or pleasure in Bay 11-7085 normally enjoyable activities. MDD is one of the most prevalent mood disorders; the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) reported a lifetime prevalence of 16.2% and a 12-month prevalence of 6.6% in the US population [Kessler et al. 2005]. In Europe, the 12-month prevalence was estimated at 6.9% [Wittchen et al. 2011]. The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks depression as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide [Murray and Lopez, 1996] and projects that it will be the second leading cause of disability by 2020 [Lopez and Murray, 1998]. MDD does not only affect mood. It has also been widely associated with deficits in cognition [Baudic et al. 2004; Beats et al. 1996; Grant et al. 2001; Maalouf et al.

Appendix A In Table A1, we list the concomitant medications of ziprasidone- and placebo-treated groups. Table A1. Concomitant medications of ziprasidone- and placebo-treated groups. Medication Placebo (N = 6) Ziprasidone (N = 8) Total (N = 14) n n n Antidepressants Amitriptyline 1 0 1 Bupropion 3 0 3 Citalopram 0 2 2 Desvenlafaxine 0 1 1 Escitalopram 2 0 2 Trazodone 1 1 2 Venlafaxine 1 1 2 Total 8 5 13 Mood stabilizers Lamotrigine

2 0 2 Lithium 1 3 4 Valproic acid 2 2 4 Total Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 5 6 10 Benzodiazepines Clonazepam 2 1 3 Lorazepam 0 1 1 Total 2 2 4 Other Clonidine 0 1 1 Concerta 1 0 1 Gabapentin 1 0 1 Imovane 1 0 1 Methadone 0 1 1 OxyContin 1 0 1 Total 4 2 6 View it in a separate window Footnotes Funding: This work was supported by an investigator-initiated research grant from Pfizer Canada as awarded to R. Milev. Conflict of interest statement: R. Milev is on Speaker/Src inhibitor Advisory Boards for, or has received research funds from: AstraZeneca, Biovail, BrainCells Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Inc., Canadian Network for Mood & Anxiety Treatments, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Ortho, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Servier, Takeda, Wyeth, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck. Contributor Information Anusha Baskaran, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Providence Care, Mental Health Services, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Dave Summers, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University,

Providence Care, Mental Health Services, Kingston, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Ontario, Canada. Stephanie LM Willing, Queen’s University, Providence Care, Mental Health Services, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Ruzica Jokic, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Providence Care, Mental Health Services, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Roumen Milev, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 752

King Street West, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 4X3.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor (bradykinesia, rigidity and resting tremors) and nonmotor symptoms (cognitive impairment, affective and behavioral disturbances, impairment of the autonomic nervous system) [Chaudhury et al. 2006]. Cognitive impairments may be present Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical at an early stage in newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients [Poletti et al. 2012b], with deficits being most prominent in the domains of executive functions, Bay 11-7085 episodic memory and visuospatial functions [Muslimovic et al. 2005]. Prospective studies showed that up to 75–80% of PD patients may eventually develop dementia during the course of the disease, with akinetic-dominant phenotype, early presence of hallucinations and cognitive impairment being the risk factors [Aarsland et al. 2003; Santangelo et al. 2007]. Considering the severe impact of cognitive impairment on the quality of life of PD patients and their families [Schrag et al. 2000], the investigation of factors that may prevent, improve or worsen cognitive impairment represents an important topic in the management of these patients.

The finding of Pedersen et al, regarding increased risk following moving residence to a more urban area during childhood or adolescence, may again support notions of the importance of social isolation.118 Social

adversity and life events Many have selleck products considered the role of social isolation and social disadvantage in increasing risk of psychosis. The mechanisms explaining associations between social factors and psychosis are likely to be complex, in a similar way to those Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical mediating the roles of ethnicity and urbanicity Factors such as access to health care, social support, self esteem, unemployment, and poor physical health will play a role.110 The interaction between perceptions of disadvantage and more direct Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical effects of adversity are also

difficult to disentangle. Low social class, a complex concept in itself, has been consistently found to be associated with schizophrenia, but the roles of social causation versus social drift have often been difficult to separate. Studies examining social class at birth, employed as a proxy for assessing social causation, have not been consistent in their findings.121,122 Byrne et al have Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical recently looked at the role of personal and parental social class in relation to first admission for schizophrenia using data from the Danish national registers.123 Risk of schizophrenia was associated with unemployment, low educational Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical attainment, being single, lower wealth status, low income, and being childless. Risk was also found to be associated with parental unemployment and parental lower income, but higher parental education. The authors concluded that personal rather than parental socioeconomic disadvantage had the greatest impact on onset of schizophrenia. Van Os et al found that single people were more likely to develop psychosis if they lived in areas with fewer single people compared to those where being single was apparently more common.124 As noted earlier, ethnic “minority status” has been found to

increase risk of psychosis,112 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and the importance of social adversity has also been raised during discussions regarding the impact of both ethnicity and urbanicity on rates of psychosis. Understanding the nature of social adversity more precisely is clearly an area that warrants further investigation. Finally, the occurrence of life events has been found to be associated with the onset and later with relapses Cell press in psychotic illnesses.125-127 Initial and early psychotic episodes are more likely than later episodes to be preceded by life events.128 Affective symptoms, particularly depression, and completed suicide may be precipitated by life events in those with a psychotic illness.129,130 The effect of personality- or illness-related factors in predisposing to the life events themselves is difficult to remove in these analyses.

7 The majority of reports indicate that this type of lesion is due to urothelial injury as a result of previous surgery or long-term inflammation. Immunosuppressive therapy as in renal transplantation and intravesical drug (BCG) infusion are suspected causes in nephrogenic adenoma. The clinical and learn more cystoscopic characteristics of nephrogenic adenoma are not diagnostic so cytomorphology, and immunohistochemistery study are needed to

differentiate nephrogenic adenoma from malignant lesions, and to avoid erroneous therapeutic approach. There are few reports about using immunohistochemistery technique in diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma. Nephrogenic adenoma is typically positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical α-methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) (P504S), PAX2 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and are

usually negative for P63, cytokeratin 20 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (CK20), and prostatic specific antigen (PSA). Case Description A 55-year-old female was admitted to Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran with chief complaint of irritative lower urinary tract symptoms and intermittent gross hematuria. Four years ago she had developed renal stone, and had been subjected to percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Her urine analysis showed red urine containing a large number of red and white blood cells, and few bacteria. Ultrasonographic study showed a lesion at left lateral wall of bladder. Cystoscopic examination revealed a sessile 3×3 centimeters lesion in the left lateral Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical wall of bladder. She was scheduled for transurethral resection. The procedure and its recovery were uneventful. Biopsy specimen was sent to our laboratory. Microscopic examinations Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of hematoxilin eosin-stained slides showed irregular proliferation of small tubules, which were lined by single-layer low cuboidal epithelium in myxoid and inflammatory background Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the lamina propria (figure 1). There were also some cord-like structures and single cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistery analysis was performed on formalin fixed and

paraffin embedded 4-µm sections. The tissue sections deparaffinized and treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide and antigen retrieval was done. The slides were then stained with a polymer-based detection system (Dako`s Annual Review of Biochemistry EnVision system). Immunohistochmistery study showed positive reactivity for P504, CD10, EMA and CK7 (figures 2, ​,3,3, ​,4),4), but negative reactivity for PSA, P63 and CK20 (figures 5, ​,6).6). After five months follow up the patient showed decreased complaints, but she did not completely recovered and she did not come back for treatment either. Figure 1: Hematoxillin-eosin staining of bladder lesion from a 25-year-old man. It shows benign looking tubular structures indicative of nephrogenic adenoma. Figure 2: Nephrogenic adenoma. Immunohistochemisery test on paraffin embedded tissue revealed positive reaction for CD10 antibody. Figure 3: Nephrogenic adenoma. Immunohistochemisery test on paraffin embedded tissue revealed positive reaction for CK7 antibody.

Altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics associated with aging, accompanying physical disorders, as well as polypharmacy in the elderly, must all be considered.75 The recommendation “start low, go slow” should be strictly followed. Compounds, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are characterized by a high potential for anticholinergic side effects, including memory impairments, delirium, behavioral toxicity, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Demented patients appear particularly prone to these effects probably due to diminished capacities in central regulatory systems.76 The new generation of antidepressants, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical particularly the SSRIs,

the reverse inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMAs), tianeptine, vcnlafax ine, and mirtazepine have been demonstrated to be as efficient, as traditional TCAs with a better tolerability67,77 and appear appropriate for treatment of depression in dementia (Tables VI and VII). 78,79 The choice of an antidepressant, should be based on the patient’s general medical and psychiatric status and the drug’s Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical profile of adverse effects.75 Table VI. Examples for drug treatment of depression in patients with dementia. SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor;

RIMA, reversible inhibitor Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of monoamine oxidase A; SNRI, serotonin and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor; NaSSA, noradrenergic and specific … Table VII. Common side effects of antidepressants. +, mild; ++, moderate; +++, strong; MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor;

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical TCA, tricyclic antidepressant. Conclusion BPSDs are a major component of dementia. Neuropathological and biochemical studies have clearly demonstrated multiple neurotransmitter dysfunctions in patients with AD involving cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways. These alterations have been associated with different psychopathological Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical states including cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, agitation, aggression, sleep disturbances, and psychosis. There are a number of pharmacological and nonpharmaco logical treatments available that, can enhance quality of life. Selected abbreviations and acronyms AD Alzheimer’s disease BEHAVE- AD Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale BPSD behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia BRSD Behavioral Rating Scale for Dementia CMAl Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory EPS extrapyramidal side effects FTD frontotemporal dementia NPI Neuropsychiatrie Inventory SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
The 37th Meeting of South-West Metalloexopeptidase German Psychiatrists (37 Versammlung Sudwesideutscher Irrenarzte) was held in Tubingen on November 3, 1906. At the meeting, Alois Alzheimer (MGCD0103 Figure 1), who was a lecturer (Privatdozent) at the Munich University Hospital and a coworker of Emil Kraepelin, reported on an unusual case study involving a “peculiar severe disease process of the cerebral cortex” (Uber einen eigenartigen, schweren Erkrankungsprozeβ der Hirnrinde). Figure 1.