Septic emboli are rare but carry a poor prognosis in the setting of large artery occlusion. We report the case of a 24-year-old woman who presents with a left internal carotid artery terminus occlusion secondary to a septic emboli from a LVAD. The patient was not a candidate for intravenous thrombolytics due to an elevated international normalized ratio, and thus was taken for intra-arterial treatment. Initial treatment with mechanical thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty was not successful; thus, a balloon-mounted

coronary stent was placed to achieve successful recanalization. Selleck DZNeP Fragments of thrombus on the mechanical thrombectomy device revealed gram-positive bacilli on gram stain. Patients with large artery occlusion due to a septic embolus can be successfully treated with endovascular therapies in select patients. “
“Microvascular imaging (MVI), a new ultrasound technology, is used to analyze brain perfusion at the patient’s bedside. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MVI in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Nineteen patients suffering from AIS (mean age, 70.9 ± 12.2 years; 47% female; mean NIHSS-score, 12 ± 8) were investigated within the first 12 hours after symptom onset. We used the iU22 (Philips)

system (S5–1 probe; see more low-mechanical index; depth, 13 cm), and 2 bolus injections of an ultrasound contrast agent (2.4 mL SonoVue™ per injection). The area of maximal perfusion deficit (AMPD) was compared with infarction on follow-up cranial computed tomography (CT) and NIHSS score 24 hours after stroke onset. Of 19 patients, 15 patients (79%) had sufficient insonation conditions. Of these patients, 12 had infarctions. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting infarctions with ultrasound perfusion imaging were 91% and 67%, respectively. A significant correlation

existed between the AMPD and NIHSS score at 24 Sitaxentan hours after symptom onset (P= .023), and with occlusion of the internal carotid artery (P= .005). Performing bedside MVI in the early phase of AIS provides information on brain parenchyma perfusion and prognosis of AIS. “
“Lymphomatosis cerebri (LC) is a rare form of primary central nervous system lymphoma; we report a case of LC mainly involving the brainstem and cerebellum. This diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with diffuse white matter disease, and a subacute clinical history of cognitive deficits, ataxic gait, and personality changes. We present our findings along with a review of the neuroradiological literature. “
“To describe a patient with relapsing remitting MS who was treated with natalizumab for 36 months. First symptoms of presumptive progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) appeared 14 weeks after her last natalizumab infusion. Neurological examination, MRI and CSF analysis were performed.

Key Word(s): 1. adaptive biofeedback; 2. constipation; 3. pathogenesis; Presenting Author: HUA GAO

Additional Authors: XINCAI XU, FENG WANG, WENBING ZHANG, YUNHAI WANG Corresponding Author: YUNHAI WANG Affiliations: Gastrointestinal surgery department, 1st teaching hospital of Xinjiang medical university Objective: Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is said to be a prognosis factor in the colorectal cancer patients. Its expression in the serum shows an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of colon cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Methods: We designed and constructed the expression plasmids with small interfering RNA (siRNA) aiming at AGR2, then transfected into colon BGB324 cell line cancer cell line this website SW620 by eukaryocyte transfection technique. In the research, we compared the cell characters of AGR-siRNA group with the control groups, the cell line and the AGR-siRNA vacant group. The protein expressions of AGR2 were detected by Western blotting. Cellular proliferation and invasion character were analyzed by tetrazolium bromide colorimetry (MTT)

and cell migration assay respectively. And the expression of the gene and protein of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), which were identified as prognosis factors, also tested by real time PCR and Western blotting. Results: Enzymatic digestion and Branched chain aminotransferase DNA sequencing confirmed that the AGR2 specific siRNA expression plasmids were constructed successfully. After plasmids were transfected into cells, the protein expressions of AGR2 was significantly down-regulated as compared with control groups (P < 0.01). The cellular proliferation inhibitory rates in AGR2 siRNA group was higher than that

in control groups (P < 0.05). The cell invasion rates in AGR2 siRNA group was lower than that in control groups (P < 0.05). The gene and protein expressions of VEGF and S100A4 were significantly down-regulated respectively as compared with control groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the expression of AGR2 is important to the growth of CRC, and that it may promote progression by regulating VEGF and S100A4 expression. Key Word(s): 1. Anterior gradient 2; 2. si-RNA; 3. VEGF; 4. S100A4; Presenting Author: JING YANG Additional Authors: YUNSHENG YANG, SHUNTAN CAI, LIHONG CUI, LIHUA PENG Corresponding Author: YUNSHENG YANG Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Objective: Epidemiological characteristics of IBS in military race maybe quite different from the civilians, but the exact number is unknown. So we conduct a study to investigate the prevalence and related factors of IBS followed subjects of the military race.

The colonoscopy found a large infiltrative and ulcerative mass at distal sigmoid colon which was proved to be a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The other polyps were tubulovillous adenoma and inflammatory polyps. The thickening of gastric antrum and mucosal of terminal ileum were found on abdominal computed tomography and small intestinal study. Despite surgically removing

the colon cancer, the nutritional status got worse day by day. Results: A strong evidence of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome with malignant change of a polyp. Conclusion: Rare discussion on the progression of colonic cancer of the CCS has been literally reported, whether via the adenoma-carcinoma sequence or through another genetic mutation is still unknown. Further study should be selleck chemicals done. Key Word(s): 1. Colon cancer; 2. Alopecia; 3. Nail dystrophy; 4. GI polyposis; Presenting Author: A YOUNG SEO Additional Authors: CHEOL MIN SHIN, YOUNG HOON CHOI, JONG PIL IM, DONG HO LEE, NAYOUNG KIM, YOUNGSOO PARK, HYUK YOON Corresponding Author: A YOUNG SEO Affiliations: Selleck Fulvestrant Seoul National Univ. Bundang Hospital; Seoul National Univ. Hospital Objective: The objective is to evaluate the differences in clinical characteristics of CMV enterocolitis with or without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: From 2003 to 2013 at Seoul National University

Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University Hospital, a total of 84 patients with symptoms including hematochezia or diarrhea or abdominal pain diagnosed as CMV enterocolitis based on the pathologic findings were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Among the 86 patients, 28 had IBD [23 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 4 with Crohn's disease and 1 with Behcet's colitis] treated with steroids or other immunosuppressive agents. CMV enterocolitis in patients without IBD (n = 58) was mainly associated with immunocompromised

or critically-ill non-immunosuppressed conditions. As for symptoms, hematochezia (78.6% and 34.5% in IBD and non-IBD groups, respectively) and weight loss (28.6% and 5.2%) were more common in IBD group than non-IBD group (P-values <0.01); fever was a common symptom in non-IBD group (10.7% and 50.0%, P < 0.001). Non-IBD group showed a higher positivity of CMV antigenemia isothipendyl testing, which was not statistically significant (58.3% and 82.4%, P = 0.094). Endoscopic findings were varied, but not different between the two groups. In patients with UC (n = 23), 17 patients (73.9%) were treated with antiviral agents, but 6 of them (35.3%) underwent total proctocolectomy despite antiviral therapy; spontaneous remission occurred in 5 out of 6 patients who were not given antiviral agents and 1 patient had undergone total proctocolectomy. Forty-seven patients (81.0%) in non-IBD group were treated with antiviral agents, but 19 patients (40.4%) died of underlying disease; 7 out of 11 patients (63.

22%, 95% CI: 6.93–11.81%), for 40 (16.77%, 95% CI: 13.22–20.66%), for 50 (23.50%, 95% CI: 19.57–27.66%), and

for 60 (26.89%, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html 95% CI: 21.11–33.09%). However, we noted the prevalence decreased by 3.5 point for the group (more than 60 years old), it is still high (23.23%, 95% CI: 20.96–26.50%). The prevalence of NAFLD for male offers upgrade firstly than descending latter tendency over age: for 18–30 13.5 % (95% CI: 10.39–16.95%), for 40 (20.31%, 95% CI: 16.05–24.94%), for 50 (27.82%, 95% CI: 23.44–32.42%), for 60 (30.09%, 95% CI: 22.33–38.48%), and for more than 60 (21.21%, 95% CI: 17.98–24.65%); the prevalence of NAFLD for female is on the rise over age, for 18–30 (4.95%, 95% CI: 3.08–7.23%), for 40 (7.76%, 95% CI: 5.22–10.75%), for 50 (14.46%, 95% CI: 10.33–19.16%), for 60 (21.43%,

95% CI: 16.49–26.84%), and for more than 60 (23.44%, 95% CI: 19.56–27.56%). Prevalence among people of facility-based and population-based were 29.93% (95% CI: 16.92–23.12%) and 20.24% (95% CI: 16.96–23.73%). For urban and rural covered in this meta-analysis, pooled prevalence were 21.83% (95% CI: 18.00–25.92%) find more and 20.43% (95% CI: 8.01–36.74%). Prevalence increases with the growth of overweight and obesity rate. For less than or equal to 20% (12.08%, 95% CI: 11.71–12.45%), for 30% (18.54%, 95% CI: 14.65–22.78%), for more than 40% (32.89%, 95% CI: 32.31–33.48%). Table 2 shows information regarding heterogeneity and publication bias. We noted significant heterogeneity within Progesterone studies and subgroups (P < 0.001, I2 = 99.0–99.8%). In univariate meta-regression analyses (data are not given), sample source, year of publication, sample size, area, gender ratio (male/female), and sample size (< 5000 vs ≥ 5000) used

to define NAFLD did not modify the estimate of prevalence. We noted that the prevalence of NAFLD increased 0.2% for each 1 year increase in the mean age of study participants (meta-regression, P = 0.021), and the prevalence of NAFLD numerically increased with an increasing proportion of male in the studies in the populations (meta-regression, P = 0.033). Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test were performed to assess the publication bias of literatures. As indicated in Figure 5, there exists no evidence of obvious asymmetry in the shapes of funnel plots. The modified Egger’s linear regression test (P = 0.145) showed no significant publication bias, but Begg’s test (P = 0.008) indicated that a significant publication bias was observed. At present, there is a lack of nationwide data regarding NAFLD prevalence in the mainland of China. This is the first comprehensive repot to systematically evaluate the scientific literature on the prevalence of NAFLD in China. In this comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies done in the mainland of China in the last almost two decades, including 48 reports and more than 350 thousand individuals.

16, 18, 23, 26-28 There are no satisfactory therapies for severe SOS; the best current results (46% complete response rate, defined as total serum bilirubin <2 mg/dL and resolution of multiorgan failure) are with intravenous defibrotide.35 Defibrotide, a mixture of porcine oligodeoxyribonucleotides, has

selleck inhibitor antithrombotic and profibrinolytic effects in vitro and in vivo. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of SOS is not known. The complete recovery of some patients with severe SOS and multiorgan failure suggests that the drug has biologic effects in humans.35 Numerous other approaches to treatment of severe SOS have been reported (tissue plasminogen activator, intravenous N-acetylcysteine, human antithrombin III concentrate, activated protein C, prostaglandin E1, prednisone, topical nitrate, vitamin E plus glutamine, and use of a liver assist device), but none can be currently recommended. Transhepatic shunts have been placed in patients with SOS to reduce portal pressure and mobilize ascites, but neither serum bilirubin levels nor patient outcomes were improved. Patients with persistent ascites and normal serum bilirubin have undergone successful portosystemic shunts. Peritoneovenous

shunts for intractable ascites have been unsuccessful. Successful liver transplants for severe SOS have been reported but in most centers, patients at risk for recurrent malignancy are low-priority candidates for liver transplant. Prevention of sinusoidal JQ1 injury is likely to be a more effective strategy for improving transplant outcomes Reverse transcriptase than treatment. Prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid reduces the frequency of cholestasis in general and GVHD-related cholestasis specifically and improves

outcomes, compared to placebo.2 Hyperbilirubinemia is common when patients are neutropenic and febrile and have gut mucosal injury from the conditioning regimen. Hepatocyte retention of conjugated bilirubin is mediated by endotoxins, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Although this disorder is often referred to as “cholestasis of sepsis”, it occurs in patients with fever alone and in the presence of localized infection in the lungs and soft tissues. Acute GVHD (Fig. 2) develops in up to 70% of allograft patients, depending on the degree of HLA-match between donor and patient, the intensity of GVHD prophylaxis, and whether T cells are depleted from the donor inoculum. Prophylaxis with ursodiol has greatly decreased the frequency of jaundice after transplant and has altered the clinical phenotype of GVHD.2 In retrospect, what had been called hepatic GVHD is a mélange of three processes. The first process is jaundice developing in a patient with cutaneous and intestinal GVHD.

Poland has introduced prophylaxis for children in the last 3 years with no adults having access to long-term prophylaxis. These differences enable us to further examine the inequalities in medical outcomes and quality of life in patients who had full access to prophylaxis from birth and those who received prophylaxis for a period as a child and then switched to on-demand as well as those who continued entirely with varying levels of on-demand therapy. National Haemophilia organizations in Canada, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and

the UK were asked to participate by randomly selecting 20 severe haemophilia patients, with FVIII/IX Selleck Pirfenidone (levels <1 IU dL−1) aged 18–35 years and by asking them to complete a survey. This sample of young adults with severe haemophilia was chosen as at the age of 18, patients usually chose to continue on prophylaxis or change regimen. The age of 35 was chosen as this was the eldest possible age for a patient from the countries asked to participate see more to in the survey. Data on co-morbidities were not collected. Sweden and Romania that were also included

in the study but did not reply. The data collection was performed by e-mail or phone interview in the period between October and November 2011. In total, Bay 11-7085 124 responses were received. The Netherlands provided 16 responses (one moderate, three inhibitors), Ireland 17 (one inhibitor), Poland 24 (two moderate, two inhibitors), the UK 13 (one moderate), France 14 (one inhibitor) and Canada 40 (four moderate, six inhibitors). Eight responders with moderate haemophilia were excluded from the analysis in spite of severe bleeding phenotype. Of 116 responders with severe disease 13 had a previous history

of inhibitors and were examined separately as the level of the inhibitor and current status was unknown. One non-inhibitor respondent did not provide information on his treatment regimen and was excluded from the therapy analysis. The data collected was sociodemographic data (age, country and work or college status), medical data and responses to the EQ-5D questionnaire. The medical data collected were, the type of haemophilia, severity, treatment regime (prophylaxis vs. on demand, length of time on each regimen, dose of each infusion and number of infusions per week), current regimen, history of inhibitors, bleeding episodes per year, target joints, serious bleeding episodes (head or soft tissue (e.g. ilio-psoas, forearm) bleeding episodes, mobility, recurring bleeding episodes, surgery, pain and use of pain medication, and days missed from work due to haemophilia as total number of days missed from work per year.

This British product soon came to be used all over the world. It is interesting to note that this product was

also used in countries where consumption of pork products would not normally be permitted for cultural reasons, as religious authorities were prepared to make an exception for find more a product of medicinal value. The clinical experience with the new material was generally very positive, with a reported efficacy of 90% [7]. One important area where Hyate: C made a real impact on treatment was in the setting of surgery. Although, we now take it for granted that elective surgery may be carried out safely in haemophilic men with inhibitors, this was by no means the case even a couple of decades ago. The accumulated experience with Hyate:C in 45 haemophilic patients undergoing surgery in seven countries over a 13-year period was published

in 1993 [8]. The authors specifically commented that their intention was to encourage clinicians Paclitaxel to consider surgical options in this type of patient, as they recognized that many physicians had hitherto been reluctant to recommend elective surgery in these challenging cases. Porcine factor VIII was advocated by many physicians as the first-line treatment option for patients with acquired haemophilia [8]. Such patients, typically elderly and frail, are at particular risk of thrombosis which is a recognized complication with activated PCCs. At the same time, the development of resistance is less of a concern, as most patients only require a few infusions whilst waiting for the effect of immunosuppression to kick in. The first large survey published included data from 47 centres in Europe and North America on the use of Hyate:C in the management of 74 acute bleeding episodes in 65 patients with acquired haemophilia [8]. Most of

these patients showed a very clear difference in antibody titre between human and porcine factor VIII: the median initial anti-human factor VIII auto-antibody inhibitor level was 38 Bethesda unit (BU) per mL (range 1.2–1024), whereas that against porcine was 1 BU mL−1 (range 0–15). After therapy, no increase in the median level of anti-human click here FVIII or anti-porcine antibody was noted in the group as a whole, although 13 patients showed individual increases in either anti-human or anti-porcine antibody levels or both of more than 10 BU mL−1. The treatment of acquired haemophilia is often exceedingly expensive and this can pose a problem even in more affluent countries. The conclusion of an independent cost-benefit analysis that initial treatment of acquired haemophilia with porcine FVIII was more cost-effective than activated PCCs or human factor VIII also helped to stimulate use in this particular indication [9]. Case reports also documented the successful use of porcine factor VIII over long periods of time for induction of immune tolerance and as secondary prophylaxis [10,11].

[5] However, any significant reduction of MRC activity can induce

ROS overproduction, thus triggering oxidative stress.5,7,17 Thirteen MRC polypeptides are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a small circular DNA present in several copies within the matrix (Fig. 1),12,17 and sensitive to oxidative damage.5,19 The oxidative attack of mtDNA can generate 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, point mutations, and deletions. In addition to ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and lipid peroxidation products are able to damage mtDNA.20,21 Irreparable damages to mtDNA can induce its Selumetinib degradation by nucleases, thus leading to mtDNA depletion.19,22 Mitochondria also contain nuclear-encoded proteins required for mtDNA maintenance including mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) involved in mtDNA transcription and mtDNA repair enzymes. Importantly, expression of Tfam and several MRC polypeptides is controlled by nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1 and 2). Moreover, PGC1α interacts in the nucleus with NRF1, NRF2, and PPARα in order to coordinate the expression of nuclear genes governing mitochondrial function and biogenesis.16,23 Insulin resistance (IR) in muscle and WAT plays a central role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver (Fig. 2).8,24

In particular, IR in WAT favors TAG lipolysis, thus leading to uncontrolled NEFA release into the circulation.9,25 Because NEFA uptake by the hepatocytes is concentration-dependent, IR greatly increases the amount of NEFAs entering the liver.26 FAs are also https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Gemcitabine-Hydrochloride(Gemzar).html synthesized more actively in liver during IR (Fig. SB-3CT 2), since hyperinsulinemia overactivates SREBP1c.5,26 Excess of fat in liver can in turn cause IR in this organ.5,27 Intriguingly, IR in liver only affects some, but not all, insulin-sensitive metabolic pathways.28,29 For instance, whereas

gluconeogenesis is less inhibited by insulin, DNL is overactivated by hyperinsulinemia.5,29 However, the mechanisms responsible for mixed hepatic insulin sensitivity and resistance are not fully understood, although different hypotheses have been put forward.29-34 Hyperglycemia contributes to fatty liver during type 2 diabetes, in particular by overactivating ChREBP.5,35 Furthermore, high glucose levels promote ROS overproduction within hepatocytes, thus favoring oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.5,36 Type 2 diabetes can also be associated with high glucagonemia, which contributes to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.37 High glucagonemia could also impair hepatic function,38 possibly by increasing the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1).39 At least three major events are involved in the progression of fatty liver to NASH, including overproduction of ROS and RNS, lipotoxicity, and increased release of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines.

The physical activity intervention relied heavily on unsupervised exercise, because

that has been more effective for long-term adherence than supervised exercise.25 The program focused on moderate-intensity activities, with particular emphasis on walking. All participants were given pedometers and encouraged to gradually KU-60019 nmr increase their walking until reaching 10,000 steps per day. Other activities such as bicycling, aerobic dance, and strength training were also encouraged. Participants were instructed to gradually progress to a goal of 200 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity (achieving this goal by the end of the first 6 months). The 200-minute goal is selected in preference to a 150-minute or 175-minute goal because greater amounts of activity have been associated with better long-term weight loss results.26 To improve adherence to exercise, participants were encouraged to accumulate exercise through multiple PI3K inhibitor short bouts of exercise (at least 10 minutes in duration). Behavioral strategies were used to produce and maintain changes in diet and activity. All participants were encouraged to self-monitor their eating and exercise (recording all foods eaten and calories and fat grams in their foods and minutes of activity) daily throughout the entire weight loss program. Self-monitoring records were reviewed weekly by the therapist in collaboration with the participant to identify

areas of progress and areas in which further change would be advantageous. Other key behavioral strategies such as stimulus control techniques, problem solving,27 and relapse prevention28 were taught in the weekly group sessions. Participants set individual behavioral goals with the case manager and brainstormed solutions SDHB to any barriers to achieving the weight loss, activity, or dietary goals. Clinical trials suggest that insulin-sensitizing agents (thiazolidinediones and metformin) may have biochemical and histological effects on NASH. To avoid the potential confounding effects from these medications, participants

were not allowed to start on any of these medications during the entire study period. Participants were allowed to start a new medication for management of hyperglycemia if medically necessary. Sulfonylureas, meglitinides, and insulin were available options. Participants who were already taking thiazolidinediones or metformin had to be on a stable regimen for at least 6 months before study enrollment and initial liver biopsy. The dose of these medications had to remain stable during the study. The rationale was that patients who have been on these medications and continue to have active NASH should be allowed to participate in the study to maximize generalizability. These medications should have minimal or no effect on hepatic histology during the study period. Exercise and reduced caloric consumption can produce hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes who are on insulin or sulfonylureas.

Thus, it is useful to know the rate of development of cirrhosis and/or HCC as well as to be able to identify patients at risk. Our aims are to determine the rate and risk factors for development of cirrhosis and/or HCC in CHB patients in a HCCSP. Methods: Outpatients with CHB seen in our Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

between 1st March 2003-1st March 2004 were enrolled in a physician driven HCCSP comprising 3 to 6-monthly CHIR-99021 order liver biochemistries and serum alfafetoprotein(AFP) and 6 to 12-monthly imaging. Cirrhosis was diagnosed on histology or imaging with supportive clinical evidence. HCC was diagnosed on dynamic CT/MRI scan. Census for events(cirrhosis/HCC) was on 1st March 2013(10 years later). Results: 673 patients were enrolled with 545(81%) still on follow-up after 10 years. 62.6% were males. Mean age was 56.4years(±12.7). Using Kaplan-Meier(KM) analysis, cirrhosis development was 2.1%/8.7%/12.9%/17.8% at 1/5/8/10 years respectively(about 1.8%/year). 43 developed HCC. KM risk of HCC in cirrhotics was 8.1%/13.9%/23.1%/29.8% at 1/5/8/10 years respectively(about

3.0%/year after 1st year). Higher first year HCC rate was due to pre-existing cirrhotics(N = 8) developing HCC. Cirrhotics with ALT>ULN(36 U/L) had significant risk of developing HCC(49.5% vs 31.0%, p = 0.04). Male gender, VX 770 Sodium butyrate baseline age, serum AFP, ALT and ALP were significantly higher and serum albumin was significantly lower in patients who developed cirrhosis/HCC. On multivariate analysis, male gender(OR 1.68; p = 0.023), age>55years(OR 1.73; p = 0.015),

albumin <38 g/L(OR 1.61; 0=0.039) and AFP>4.1 ug/L(OR 1.77; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors. Conclusion: Our CHB cirrhosis rate is about 1.8%/year with 3%/year of cirrhotics developing HCC. In our HCCSP, patient demographics, serum albumin and AFP can independently predict development of cirrhosis and/or HCC. Rate of HCC is expected to be highest in the initial period of a HCCSP. Key Word(s): 1. Hepatitis B virus; 2. Cirrhosis; 3. HCC; Presenting Author: MEHLIKA TOY Additional Authors: JOSHUA SALOMON Corresponding Author: MEHLIKA TOY Affiliations: Harvard School of Public Health Objective: Background: Inactive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) carriers make up the largest group of hepatitis B virus infected patients, and China bears the largest total burden of any country. We therefore assessed the population health impact and cost-effectiveness of a strategy of lifelong monitoring for inactive CHB and treatment of eligible patients in Shanghai, China. Methods: Methods: We used a computer simulation model to project health outcomes among a population cohort of CHB in Shanghai based on age-specific prevalence of HBsAg, HBeAg, and cirrhosis.